كليدواژه :
اعراب و تحليل نحوي , تفسير فقهي وصيت , گفتمان قرآني , آيه وصيّت
چكيده فارسي :
وصيت از سنن پسنديده اي است كه قرآن كريم با اسلوب‌هاي مختلفي بر اهميت و مطلوبيت آن تاكيد دارد. لذا، شناخت معنا و حكم تكليفي آن با توجه به تحليل اعراب آيه و توجه به سطح زباني گفتمان قرآن و نيز سطح فرازباني و تاثير عوامل برون زباني، بسيار اهميت دارد. پژوهش حاضر ضمن بهره گيري از روش تحليل محتوا با گزينش آيه اي در محدودۀ آيات الاحكام، تاثير تحليل هاي متفاوت نحوي در ارائۀ تفسير فقهي و نيز ميزان تاثيرگذاري پيش فرض‌هاي فقهي در گزينش اعراب آيه را به منظور بيان رابطۀ ميان معناي شرعي و دلالت نحوي، بررسي و تبيين كرده است. وجه دستوري آيۀ وصيت، حاكي از يك گفتمان دستوري بسته، تابع تغيير وضعيت از بُعد انگيزه بخشي به بُعد معرفتي است كه حضور عناصري چون وجود اعراب‌هاي مختلف، زمينۀ حكم فقهي را در گسترۀ وجوب و استحباب فراهم ميكند. از ديد قائلان وجوب وصيت، رابطه اي از نوع دستور بر نظام گفتماني آيه، حكم فرماست و از اين رو، نظام گفتماني حاكم بر آن از نوع هوشمند و برنامه مدار است. در بُعد استحباب نيز تعبير «حَقًّا عَلَي الْمُتَّقين» و «بالمعروف» به عنوان يك جريان حسي و عاطفي مي تواند به ادراك معنا و كنش منجر شود. بنابراين، گفتمان قرآني وصيت در بُعد استحباب، تابع نظام گفتمان احساسي و از گونۀ تنشي عاطفي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Wasiyat" (testamentary wills) is one of the appropriate traditions which its importance and desirability has been emphasized in Holy Quran through different methods. However, recognizing its meaning and imperative rules, considering the declension (irab) analysis of the verse as well as the linguistic and metalinguistic level of the Quranic discourse, are of outmost significance. This study, using content analysis method and selecting a verse from Verses of the Rules (Ayāt al-ahkām), examines the effect of different syntactic analyses on the jurisprudence interpretation and the effect of jurisprudential assumptions in choosing the declension of the verse. Accordingly, the study seeks to answer the following question: what type of discourse system the Quranic discourse of Wasiyat relies on? Since the employment of the textual features is one of the important components of discourse analysis, there are several identificatory elements in the Quranic discourse analysis of the verse Wasiyat, namely, meanings of the words and expressions, declension and disagreement in syntactic rules, the principles and assumptions, and the impact of the jurisprudential ideas and thoughts. Although the disagreement in syntactic rules affects its jurisprudential judgment, it should be noted that since the disagreement in syntactic analysis is due to the difference in understanding the declension of the texts, various assumptions such as jurisprudential, verbal and so on, have a crucial role in choosing the declension of the verse. Consequently, the syntactic form of the verse Wasiyat implies a closed syntactic discourse which is based on a change from motivational to epistemic state. This involves elements such as different declensions which prepare the ground for jurisprudential judgment in the scope of necessity and religious preference. From the perspective of the believers to the necessity of Wasiyat (testamentary wills), there is a syntactic relationship governing the discourse system of the verse. Therefore, the governing discourse system of the verse is an intelligent and schematic one. From the perspective of religious preference, the interpretation of the phrase, " ÍóÞøðÇ Úóáóي ÇáúãõÊøóÞيä" and the word "ÈÇáãÚÑæÝ", as a sentimental and emotional state, can lead to the perception of meaning and action. Therefore, the Quranic discourse of the Wasiyat, so far as the religious preference is concerned, is based on the affective discourse system, and thus an emotional- tensive type.
