كليدواژه :
تقطيع ساختاري و نقشي واژه , زبان‌آموزان چيني , زبان فارسي به عنوان زبان دوم , آموزش واژگان براي فارسي آموزان چيني , ترجمه و ادبيات فارسي
چكيده فارسي :
اين مقاله قصد دارد به جايگاه و نحوۀ آموزش واژه در آموزش زبان فارسي به زبان آموزان چيني بپردازد. زبان چيني واژه محور است و در مقايسه با زبان فارسي از نظر رده شناسي در دستۀ زبان هاي گسستۀ قرار دارد. اين تفاوت ساختاري باعث مي شود زبان آموزان چيني در روند يادگيري، چنانچه معني كلمات را به درستي متوجه نشوند، در هر مرحله اي كه باشند از يادگيري بازبمانند. اين مقاله با استفاده از روش تحقيق ميداني نحوۀ يادگيري واژگان را در فارسي آموزان چيني مورد بررسي قرار داده است. براي اين منظور تعداد 24 نفر از زبان آموزان چيني دانشگاه بين المللي امام خميني(ره) كه در يك دورۀ شانزده هفته اي زبان فارسي را آموخته بودند، به طور تصادفي انتخاب شدند. سپس آزموني واژه محور براي تعيين سطح زبان آموزان برگزار شد و زبان آموزان به دو گروه كنترل و آزمايش تقسيم شدند و درسي متناسب با سطحشان به آن ها تدريس شد. اين درس براي گروه آزمايش با استفاده از روش هاي مختلف آموزش واژه و تقطيع ساختاري و نقشي و تطبيق ساختارها در دو زبان فارسي و چيني و براي گروه كنترل با استفاده از روش هاي آموزش واژه و بدون توجه به ترجمۀ موارد يادشده تدريس شد. سپس، دوباره آزموني واژه محور براي بررسي آموخته هاي زبان آموزان برگزار شد. نتايج آزمون نشان داد كه زبان آموزاني كه با روش ترجمه و توجه به ساختار زبان چيني آموزش ديده اند، بازدهي بهتري نسبت به گروه ديگر داشتند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction This article aims to study the place and method of teaching the vocabulary in teaching Persian to Chinese learners. In morphological classification, the structural differences in Persian and Chinese languages makes these learners more difficult to can face in learning vocabulary and understanding the Persian texts. This structural difference causes Chinese learners stop learning when they learn at any stage, if they do not understand the meaning of the words correctly.
Theoretical framework Chinese language belongs to a group of analytic languages and the Persian language is a synthetic language. In analytic languages, the grammatical relations of words in the sentence are expressed through independent syntactic elements, such as the prepositions. In the structure of such languages, words are often made of a morpheme. Therefore, in the construction of analytic languages, the words do not have any internal structure constructed. In this kind of language, syntax relations in a sentence with the word lexical tool not but help out the word by word or grammatical arrangement of words expressed (Alborzi Varaki, ibid:7 In his research on Persian language, Alborzi (ibid:12) believes that the Persian language suggests some degree of links and in some extent is a hybrid language.
Research Methodology This paper, using field research methodology, examines how vocabulary learning is used in Chinese learners. This article empirically examines Chinese students learning of vocabulary. Data come from 24 randomly selected Chinese students who had passed a 16-week course on Persian at Imam Khomeini International University. In order to evaluate their language competence, the students were given a word-centric (vocabulary) test, which suited their level. Students were divided into two groups: test and Control. The test group were taught based on different methods such as vocabulary teaching, structural and functional segmentation and structural matching between the two languages; and the control group were taught based on only teaching vocabulary without translation. A second test was given to the students to assess their learning. Results showed that those students who had been exposed to translation method had a better output.
Conclusion Chinese language learners have a lot of tendency to translate words and they are interested in understanding the meaning of the words. But the translation is meant to express the meaning of words is not enough in all cases. Teacher as an educational guide should use the learner's tendency to learn how they are accustomed to and must be able to balance the various methods. When the translation can be effective, in addition to paying attention to the spatial and syntactic position of the components of the words, that the semantic and functional relation of the words is also considered in the text.
