كليدواژه :
نيما و متنيت , رويكرد بوگراند و درسلر , گرايس و نظم هنجار , گزيدهگويي و ابهام , ميزان متنيت شعر نيما
چكيده فارسي :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر كه به شيوۀ توصيفي تحليلي و آماري انجام شده است بر رسي معيار انسجام و يكي از مولفه هاي آن يعني نظم هنجار در شعر »منظومه به شهريار « نيما و تاثير آن بر ميزان متنيت شعر اوست. اصل همكاري گرايس مشتمل بر چهار قاعدۀ كميت، كيفيت، شيوه و ربط است. به عقيدۀ بوگراند و درسلر اصل همكاري گرايس در زبان شناسي متن با سنجش جنبه هاي مختلف انسجام، درجۀ آگاهي بخشي و متنيت متن را تعيين مي كند. گوينده براي ايجاد معاني ضمني مي تواند از اصول گرايس تخطي كند. تخطي از سه شرط قاعدۀ شيوه يعني »رعايت نظم و ترتيب كلام «، »گزيده گويي « و »دوري از ابهام « بر انسجام و ميزان متنيت شعر »منظومه به شهريار « نيما تاثير مي گذارد. يافته هاي آماري نشان مي دهد كه نيما از سه روش ممكن براي تغيير نظم هنجار كلام يعني »جا به جايي سازه ها « در گروه و جمله، «جملات معترضه» و «هم پايه افزايي» با بسامد بالايي در شعر «منظومه به شهريار» استفاده كرده است. نتيجه اينكه برهم خوردن انسجام شعري به وسيلۀ تخطي از قاعدۀ شيوه، كاركرد ها و اهدافي در شعر نيما دارد؛ اما به طور كلي سبب تضعيف آگاهي بخشي و متنيت شعر وي شده است.
چكيده لاتين :
The purpose of this research, which is conducted in a descriptive analytical and statistical manner, is to examine the criterion of cohesion and one of its components, the Normal Ordering Strategies in the poem entitled Manzoome be Shahriar", and its effect on the extent of poem textuality. The principle of Grice's cooperation consists of four maxims entitled quantity, quality, manner and relevance. However, the producer may violate these rules to create implicatures. According to Beaugrande & Dressler, Principles of Grice's cooperation in text linguistics determinine the various aspects of cohesion and the level of informativity and textuality. The present study seeks to determine Which Grices maxim is the case of violation in the poem Manzoome be Shahriar".What are the functions of this type of violation and how much does it affect the textuality of Nima poetry? . The result is that the violation of the Manner Maxim in the poem Manzoome be Shahriar" is more obvious than the other three maxims and the poem has violated all three conditions. In the above-mentioned poetry, Nima violates the "shift from the first condition, "rearrangement the constituents" in the phrases and the sentences, " parenthesis" and " apposition", the second condition is "excerpts" which goes with it and the third condition is away from the ambiguity that is denied by the use of grammatical ambiguity. Each case was analyzed according to the manner maxim violation frequency, and its contextual and textual factors. Rearrangement of the constituents has been due to Nima's nativism, the emphasis on the part of the word and other purpose-oriented goals. A rejection of "excerpts" is due to the novelty of the poem and its need for detailed explanations". Group and structural Ambiguity" have been due to the tendency of Nima to obscure the poetry. Thus, the functions of the violation of the rule of reasoning are the creation of a new poetic language, attracting the attention of the audience to a specific section of the sentence and stylistic and political considerations. At the end, the impact of the violation was measured on the informativity, intentionality and textuality. Nima has changed the rules of language in order to achieve newer language features, but by doing so, it reduces the cohesion and consequently, the informativity and intentionality of poetry. Since the use of ambiguous sentences, prolonging sentences and numerous center embedding, get the mind occupied by margins and reduces the " informativity ,the " intentionality " and "acceptability" of the word and, consequently, "textuality". Thus, in the present study, the principles of cohesion indicate the use or deviation of the Grices semantic rules by referring to Beaugrande and Dressler cognitive-textual approach in order to make their theory practical in better understanding of intentionality. While Beaugrande and Dressler have practically used problem-solving methods, global patterns and interactive planning to achieve Intentionality and textuality.