ارزيابي مهارت خواندن دانشجويان كارشناسي رشتۀ زبان و ادبيات عربي

Pathology of Reading Skill of Students in the Arabic Language and Literature (Case Study: undergraduate students

مهارت خواندن يكي از مهم ترين مهارت هاي زباني است و از شروط موفقيت در يادگيري زبان دوم، تسلط بر اين مهارت است؛ اما دانشجويان ترم آخر مقطع كارشناسي رشتۀ زبان و ادبيات عربي كه در شرف دانش آموختگي هستند و حتي بسياري از دانش آموختگان اين رشته نمي توانند متون عربي را صحيح و روان بخوانند. ازاين رو، مي خواهيم با استفاده از روش توصيفي تحليلي و روش پيمايشي، مهارت خواندن دانشجويان مقطع كارشناسي رشتۀ زبان و ادبيات عربي را ارزيابي، نقاط ضعف آنان در اين مهارت را شناسايي و راهكارهايي را به منظور بهبود آموزش مهارت خواندن ارائه كنيم. نمونۀ آماري پژوهش حاضر را 124 دانشجوي ترم هشتم مقطع كارشناسي رشتۀ زبان و ادبيات عربي در 12 دانشگاه دولتي ايران تشكيل داده اند كه 41 نفر از آن ها مرد و 83 نفر زن هستند. ابزار به كاررفته در اين پژوهش، آزمون محقق ساخته است كه براي اولين بار در رشتۀ زبان و ادبيات عربي براي مهارت خواندن طراحي شده و براي طراحي آن، از الگوهاي موجود در كشورهاي عربي استفاده كرديم. يافته ها نشان مي دهند كه دانشجويان مهارت خواندن را به خوبي كسب نكرده اند و با اينكه در ترم آخر هستند و اغلب دروس كارشناسي را گذرانده اند، در همۀ سطوحي كه متخصصان زبان عربي براي مهارت خواندن ذكر كرده اند، با ضعف مواجه هستند. اصلي ترين دليل اين مشكل، وجود نداشتن درسي خاص براي مهارت خواندن در سرفصل درسي است.

Reading skills is one of the most important language skills. The Success in learning a second language depends on this skill. But it is noted that the final semester students of the Arabic language and literature department who are ready to be graduated and even many graduates of this field are not able to read the Arabic texts correctly and fluently. Therefore, the authors of the present study intend to use the descriptive-analytical method and survey method to evaluate the reading skill of Arabic of undergraduate students to identify their weaknesses on reading and offer some suggestions for developing them. It should be noted that different studies have been conducted on reading skill in Iran and Arabic countries, but none of these studies investigate the weaknesses of Arabic language and literature students of Iran state universities in reading skill. So the present study is completely different from previous studies. The main question of the study is: how weak are Arabic language and literature students in reading skill and what are the reasons of these weaknesses? The statistical sample of the present study has been formed by124 undergraduate students in the Arabic language and literature department in 12 Iranian state universities, 41 of them are male and 83 are female. The tool used in the study is a researcher-made test, which has been designed for the first time for reading skill in Arabic language and literature and the existing models in the Arabic countries have been used to design the test. The results reflected the weakness of students and their lack of mastery in this skill. Although the students who are ready to be graduated, faces weakness in all levels of reading. There is a kind of consensus amongst the experts of Arabic language on this issue. The most important reason of this problem is that there is no special lesson for reading skill in the syllabus