كليدواژه :
ترجمۀ شعر , رهيافت هاي ترجمۀ شعر , كارآمدي رهيافت هاي لفور , ترجمه از زبان عربي به فارسي و بالعكس
چكيده فارسي :
ترجمۀ شعر يكي از دشوارترين و پيچيده ترين انواع ترجمه است. آندره لفور ازجمله پژوهشگراني است كه براي ترجمۀ شعر الگويي ارائه داده است كه دربرگيرندۀ هفت رهيافت است: 1. واجي يا آوايي، 2. تحت اللفظي، 3. موزون، 4. شعر به نثر، 5. مقفا، 6. شعر سپيد، و 7. تعبير. اين رهيافت ها با نظر به ترجمه در زبان هاي غربي، به ويژه انگليسي، مطرح شده است. نگارندگان اين مقاله بر آن ند تا با معرفي اين رهيافت ها و پياده سازي آن بر روي ترجمۀ رباعي هاي خيام به فارسي و ترجمۀ شعر »عن انسان « محمود درويش از عربي به فارسي، ميزان كارآمدي آن را در دو زبان عربي و فارسي بسنجند. اصلي ترين دستاوردهاي اين پژوهش به سبب واژه هايي با ريشۀ يكسان، واژگان و عروض مشابه، رهيافت واجي، تحت اللفظي، موزون، منثور، مقفا و تعبير تا حد زيادي قابل تطبيق است؛ اما به سبب تفاوت فرم هاي شعري اي كه زمينۀ رهيافت هاي لفور است با فرم شعرهاي فارسي و عربي، رهيافت هاي لفور در جاهايي همخوان با شعر فارسي و عربي نيست؛ چنانچه در شعر فارسي در كنار قافيه گاهي رديف هم مي آيد و رهيافت ششم به سبب نبود شعر سپيد در زبان فارسي و عربي منتفي است.
چكيده لاتين :
This research aims at describing the sevenfold solutions presented by André Lefevere for the poetry translation in a precise manner. These seven solutions are 1. Phonological or phonetic translation; 2. Literal translation; 3. Metrical translation; 4. Translation of the poetry into prose; 5. Rhymed translation; 6. Translation into blank verse, 7. Interpretation. The next step after the description, is to evaluate its proficiency in this field by implementing these solutions in translation of the poetry from Arabic to Persian and vice versa.
It is natural that due to the difference in genres and styles of poetry versification among Latin , Persian and Arabic languages, some solutions are specific to English poetry, which is the subject of Lefevere's task, and there is no place for the emergence in the Persian and Arabic languages, and also some solutions are implementable with few or many differences. This paper attempts at first, to introduce Lefevere’s ploys, by implementing the procedures of translation from Persian into Arabic and vice versa, and evaluating the weaknesses and strengths of each solution. The importance of this paper is twofold: firstly, among the writings in Persian language, Lefevere's sevenfold solutions have not been fully introduced and have been referred to only in the context of the books. In this paper the authors have attempted to introduce each of these solutions completely. this research does not restrict itself to theories, but it seeks to implement the theoretical solutions.
It is perceived from the implementation of Lefevere's solutions that six out of seven aspects of his sevenfold aspects are largely adaptable in Arabic translation into Persian and only the sixth one is not possible to be implemented, since it is the translation ploy into blank verse which is unique to English and has no counterparts in Persian and Arabic. Also, the first ploy is not adaptable in all languages, but it can be translated in Persian and Arabic due to the common vocabulary of these two languages. In addition, none of these solutions can be instrumental independently in translation from Persian into Arabic, and the translator should use a combination of different solutions to translate the poetry.
