افسردگي، اضطراب و بار تحميلي در مراقبين اصلي بيماران دمانس

Depression, Anxiety and Burden in Main Caregivers of Dementia Patients

زمينه و هدف: مراقبت از يك فرد مبتلا به اختلالات شناختي مي‌تواند منابع احساسي هر فردي را از بين ببرد؛ مراقب به دليل اينكه احتمال بالايي براي رشد اختلال رواني و فيزيكي دارد، بيمار پنهان لقب گرفته است. لذا هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسي وضعيت افسردگي، اضطراب و بار تحميلي مراقبين اصلي بيماران دمانس بود. مواد و روش­‌ها: اين مطالعه مقطعي توصيفي تحليلي بر روي 96 مراقب اصلي بيماران دمانس كه به روش نمونه‌گيري در دسترس در مطالعه شركت كرده بودند، انجام شد. داده­ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه تجديدنظر شده افسردگي بك (Beck Depression Inventory-II)، مقياس خود گزارشي اضطراب زونگ (Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale) و نسخه ايراني بار تحميلي مراقبان (Iranian Version of Caregivers Burden) جمع‌­آوري شدند. براي تحليل داده‌ها از شاخص‌هاي آمار توصيفي و استنباطي استفاده شد. يافته­‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه 8/69 درصد افراد داراي نمره در محدوده افسردگي، 1/28 درصد نمره در محدوده اضطراب و 3/33 درصد افراد نمره در محدوده متوسط تا بالاي بار تحميلي داشتند. سن مراقب با بار تحميلي رابطه معني‌دار داشت (026/0=p). بين جنس بيمار و اضطراب رابطه معني‌داري وجود داشت (039/0=p). بين طول مدت بيماري و نمره اضطراب و بار تحميلي رابطه معني‌داري يافت شد. در هر سه حوزه رابطه معني‌داري بين حمايت ساير اعضاي خانواده و شدت بيماري با نمرات حاصله وجود داشت. همچنين بين نمرات اضطراب و بار تحميلي با تحصيلات مراقب رابطه معني‌دار وجود داشت. نتيجه­‌گيري: مقدار بالاي اضطراب، افسردگي و بار تحميلي در مراقبان بيماران دمانس توجه ويژه به مراقبان را مي‌طلبد. اين توجه بايد توسط كادر درماني و مديران مربوطه صورت گيرد. همچنين خانواده بيماران دمانس بايد تشويق شوند كه به‌صورت گروهي از بيمار مراقبت كنند، چون طبق اين مطالعه حمايت ساير اعضاي خانواده كمك زيادي به كاهش اضطراب، افسردگي و بار تحميلي آن‌ها مي‌كند.

Aim and Background: Assisting a cognitive disorder patient can drain the emotional resources of any individual extensively. Since the caregiver can be confronted by developing mental and physical symptoms with strong possibility, she/he can be defined as hidden patient. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and burden in caregivers of patients with dementia. Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study was conducted on 96 caregivers of patients with dementia by using convenient sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, demographic data was recorded and the severity of depression was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the severity of anxiety was measured by Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the severity of burden was measured by Iranian Version of Caregiver Burden (IVCB). To analysis the data, we use descriptive inferential statistics by using SPSS 22. Findings: The results illustrate that 69.8% of the caregivers were in the range of depression. Moreover, 28.1% of the caregivers were in the range of anxiety and 33.3% of the caregivers scores were in the range of moderate to high level of burden. In Pearson correlation test, we found that the age of caregivers have a significant relationship with the burden test scores. (p=0.026). In t test, we found a significant relationship between the gender of the patient and the anxiety scores. The mean of anxiety scores of the caregivers of the men and women patients were 37.7 and 32.9 respectively (p=0.039). In our research, we also found significant relationships between the illness duration and the scores of anxiety and burden. In addition, the scores of all of three tests showed having relationships with the support of other family member and severity of dementia illness. Furthermore, in one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found a relationship between educational level of the caregivers and the scores of anxiety and burden tests. Conclusions: In the presence of high level of depression, anxiety and burden in the caregivers of dementia patients, more attention to the caregivers is necessary; especially from the healthcare managers and clinicians. In addition, the family of dementia patients should be encouraged to care as a group or help main caregivers as much as possible since our research showed support of other family members reduces anxiety, depression and burden of caregivers.