اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس، ﻧﺸﺨﻮار ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺘﮑﺘﻮﻣﯽﺷﺪه

Effectiveness of Positive Thinking Training on Stress, Rumination and Body Image Concern in Mastectomized Women

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﭘﺴﺘﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺮﻃﺎن و ﻣﺎﺳﺘﮑﺘﻮﻣﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از درﻣﺎنﻫﺎي اوﻟﯿﻪ در ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﭘﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس، ﻧﺸﺨﻮار ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺘﮑﺘﻮﻣﯽﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ زﻧﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺘﮑﺘﻮﻣﯽﺷﺪه در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻔﺎ ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 40 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي ﺗﺤﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﮑﺮد. ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮس، ﻧﺸﺨﻮار ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار 22-SPSS و ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل از ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس، ﻧﺸﺨﻮار ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺘﺮس )0/001

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, and mastectomy is one of the initial treatments in breast cancer which causes physical impairment and psychological disorders. Therefore, the present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of positive thinking training on stress, rumination, and body image concern in mastectomized women. Methods: This study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was mastectomized women in Shafa hospital of Ahvaz city in the 2017 year. The research sample was 40 people selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions undergoing positive thinking training and the control group didn’t receive any training. The groups responded in the pre-test and post-test stages to the questionnaires of stress, rumination and body image concern. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and by multivariate analysis of covariance method. Results: The experimental and control groups had a significant difference in terms of stress, rumination, and body image concern. In other words, the positive thinking training led to a significant decrease in the stress (F=115.27, P<0.001), rumination (F=133.49, P<0.001) and body image concern (F=154.78, P<0.001) in mastectomized women. Conclusions: The results showed the effectiveness of positive thinking training on reducing stress, rumination, and body image concern in mastectomized women. Therefore, therapists can use from positive thinking training method for psychological interventions, especially for reducing stress, rumination and body image concern.