پديد آورندگان :
مومن زاده الهام دانشگاه تهران - موسسه ژئوفيزيك - گروه فيزيك فضا , احمدي گيوي فرهنگ دانشگاه تهران - موسسه ژئوفيزيك - گروه فيزيك فضا , ثابت قدم سمانه دانشگاه تهران - موسسه ژئوفيزيك - گروه فيزيك فضا
كليدواژه :
نوسان اطلس شمالي , شاخص كيفيت هوا , تاخير زماني , ضريب همبستگي , منطقه تهران
چكيده فارسي :
در مقاله حاضر، اثرهاي احتمالي نوسان اطلس شمالي (nao) بر كيفيت هواي شهر تهران بررسي شده است. به اين منظور، ابتدا با استفاده از شاخص روزانه nao و شاخص كيفيت هواي مربوط به دورههاي با هواي آلوده و سالم از سال 2007 تا 2016، تاخير زماني تاثير اين دورپيوند در هر دوره بهدست آمده است. سپس براي بررسي موردي شرايط همديدي و ديناميكي، دادههاي روزانه erainterim مربوط به ecmwf در بازه زماني 1979 تا 2017 بهكار رفته است. بررسي ارتباط بين شاخص روزانه nao و شاخص كيفيت هواي شهر تهران با محاسبه ضريب همبستگي بيانگر آن است كه در دورههاي هواي آلوده، بهطور نسبي فاز مثبت nao و در دورههاي هواي سالم فاز منفي غالب است. نتايج بررسيهاي موردي در شرايطي كه بيشترين همبستگي بين شاخص كيفيت هواي تهران و شاخص روزانه nao وجود دارد، نشان ميدهد در مواردي كه فاز nao مثبت است، با انحراف جريانهاي جوي به سمت شمال اروپا، فرارفت هواي گرم و مرطوب به اين منطقه رخ ميدهد، حال آنكه خاورميانه شرايط سرد و خشك همراه با حركتهاي نزولي دارد كه ميتواند باعث وارونگي دما و انباشت آلايندهها در اين منطقه شود. از سوي ديگر، زماني كه فاز nao منفي است، مداري و قويتر شدن جريانها كه با انتقال رطوبت و دماي كمتر از اقيانوس اطلس به سمت شرق همراه است، به بهبود كيفيت هوا كمك ميكند. از ديگر نتايج پژوهش حاضر اين است كه مكان استقرار كمفشار ايسلند و پرفشار آزورز روي اقيانوس اطلس، جهت محور آنها و مشاركت با پديدههاي ديگر بهخصوص پرفشار سيبري، تاثير مستقيم بر مسير جريانهاي جوي، ايجاد پشتهها و ناوهها و همچنين مكان قرارگيري جتهاي جنبحارهاي و جنبقطبي دارند و بهصورت غيرمستقيم بر كيفيت هوا اثر ميگذارند.
چكيده لاتين :
In this research, the possible effects of NAO, on Tehran air quality during 2007-2016 were
investigated. First, the daily indices of air quality of Tehran in the autumn and winter seasons
for the study period were applied to identify polluted and unpolluted periods. The 1th ,5th and
9th deciles of the air quality indices were chosen as the indicator for good, middle and bad air
qualities. Based on these indices, five polluted and eight unpolluted periods were identified.
Then, the daily indices of NAO and air quality of Tehran were used to calculate the Pearson
correlation coefficients and discuss the relationships between air quality and the NAO indices.
In this regard, we attempted to find out the optimum time lag for each case by examining
different times that there was maximum correlation between air quality index and the NAO
indices. For dynamical study, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
(ECMWF) (ERA- Interim) reanalysis data set including mean sea level pressure, wind,
temperature, geopotential height, and specific humidity in a time period from 1979 to 2017
were used. The horizontal resolution of the initial data is 0.75°×0.75° in longitudinal and
latitudinal directions prepared operationally every six hours at 60 levels .
The statistical analysis of the NAO indices shows that in the polluted periods, the positive
phase of NAO is dominant, while there is no significant statistical difference between the
positive and negative phases of NAO in the unpolluted periods. In general, the unpolluted
periods (five cases) are associated mostly with the negative phase of NAO. Because of this
limitation, we decided to analyze the synoptic-dynamic situations of all cases using the
anomaly maps of the quantities relative to their long means. Thus, it is possible to improve the
reliability of the results concerning the the effects of NAO on air quality in Tehran .
Synoptic-dynamic analysis of the cases with the highest correlation between Tehran air
quality index and NAO daily indices indicates that in the positive phase of NAO, there was
advection of warm and humid air to the study area, while the Middle East region had a cold
and dry conditions. On the other hand, when NAO was in the negative phase, advection of
moist and colder air from the Atlantic Ocean toward the east occurred, thereby existing better
air quality in the region. Besides, when polluted air period coincided with the negative phase of
NAO, in contrast to the normal situation, the deviation of the Siberian high-pressure axis into
the meridian and adhering to the Azores high-pressure created a barrier against the westerly
winds causing their meridional deviations. In the unpolluted air periods associated with the
positive phase of NAO, in contrast to the normal situation, the positioning of the Atlantic highpressure
at higher latitudes, with respect to the mean state, and joining with the Siberian highpressure
make them act as a barrier in the middle latitudes, thereby existing zonal winds in the
study area.