ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﺎرت ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ در آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ

The Role of Instructors´ Communication Skills on Clinical Education of Nursing Students: Qualitative Study

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و اﺳﺎس آﻣﻮزش ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري اﺳﺖ. داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن در ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ و ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﺧـﻮد را ﮐﺴـﺐ ﻣـﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ . ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔـﯽ ﻫـﺎ و ﻣﻬـﺎرت ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﯿـﺎن در ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﮐﺴـﺐ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﺎرت ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﺑـﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روشﻫﺎ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺑﺮ روي داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ در داﻧﺸـﮑﺪه ﭘﺮﺳـﺘﺎري و ﻣﺎﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺪف ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 20 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري ﺗﺮم ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑـﻮد . دادهﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ روش ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار آﻣـﺎري Maxqda ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻢ: ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞﮔﺮي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ، ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ واﮔﺬاري ﮐـﺎر ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘﺮﺳـﺘﺎر ﺑـﻪ داﻧﺸـﺠﻮ ﺟﺬب ﻫﻤﮑﺎري ﺑﯿﻤﺎر و ﻫﻤﺮاه، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻬﺎرت ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺟـﻮ آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ ﺳـﺎزﻧﺪه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﺪه و داﻧﺸﺠﻮ را ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرت ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﺮرﻧـﮓ ﺗـﺮي از ﻣﻬـﺎرت ﻋﻤﻠـﯽ و داﻧـﺶ ﻧﻈـﺮي ﻣﺮﺑـﯽ درﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دارد. ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در ﺟﺬب ﻫﻤﮑﺎري اﻓﺮاد درﮔﯿﺮ در آﻣﻮزش ﺑـﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن را دارﻧـﺪ . در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ از ﻣﻬﺎرت ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺧﻮدار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻣﻔﯿﺪﺗﺮ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻗﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑـﻮد ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي آﺳﺎنﺗﺮ و ﻣﻔﯿﺪﺗﺮي را در ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

Introduction: Clinical education is the foundation of nursing education. Students in clinical setting obtain their professional competency and identity and Clinical instructors play a key role in the clinical education of students. Therefore, characteristics and skills of instructors have important role in how students gain clinical experiences. This study aimed to investigate the role of instructors' communication skills on clinical education of nursing students. Method: This qualitative study using content analysis has been done in 2017-2018. The study population was nursing students of Tabriz School of Nursing and Midwifery. Purposeful sampling consisted of 20 forth and higher semester nursing students. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. For analyzing data, Conventional content analysis method was used through Maxqda. Results: Four categories are emerged from data analysis include instructor´s Communication facilitating, Facilitate assignment of work to student by a nurse, attracting patient and companion collaboration, and increasing student self-esteem. Clinical instructor´s communication skills create a constructive learning environment in the clinical setting and enable the student to gain positive clinical experiences from this environment. Discussion: The results showed that instructor´s communication skills sometimes play a more important role than the practical skills and theoretical knowledge of instructor in students' clinical learning. Clinical instructors play a key role in attracting the collaboration of those involved in student clinical education. If clinical instructors have high communication skills, students' clinical experiences will be more useful and students will be able to experience easier and more effective learning in clinical settings.