ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻓﻀﺎي ﺣﺎﻟﺖ در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد درﯾﭽﻪي ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺪ دو ﻣﺨﺰﻧﯽ و ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزي آن

Applying State Space Equations in the Designing of the Outlet Gate Dam with Two Reservoirs and Its Smart

ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ درﯾﭽﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﺑﺎزﺷﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ آن، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺟﺎﻧﯽ در ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ دﺳﺖ ﺳﺪ و ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از آب درون ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺮاز آب ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺮق، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﯿﻼبﻫﺎ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺳﺪ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ درﯾﭽﻪي ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزي آن ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻏﯿﺮ ﺧﻄﯽ دﺑﯽ ﻋﺒﻮر از درﯾﭽﻪي ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺪ دو ﻣﺨﺰﻧﯽ و ارﺗﻔﺎع آب درون ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺧﻄﯽ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺧﻄﯽ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺣﺎﻟﺖ، ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف ﺳﯿﻞ ﻃﺮح ورود و ﺧﺮوج از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﺪ رﺳﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزﺷﺪﮔﯽ درﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎ، ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪي ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف دﺑﯽ ورود و ﺧﺮوج از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﺪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع آب، ﺣﺠﻢ آب ذﺧﯿﺮه ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺨﺎزن، اﺑﻌﺎد درﯾﭽﻪي ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪهي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎز ﺷﺪﮔﯽ R ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﻘﻄﻪي ﺗﻌﺎدل دﺑﯽ ورود و ﺧﺮوج ﺳﯿﻞ را در ﻫﻤﺎن ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ روش ﭘﺎﻟﺲ ﻗﺮار داد ﺑﻠﮑﻪ در ﮔﺴﺘﺮهي وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف ورودي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ درﯾﭽﻪي ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ، ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺴﻮر، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﺞ، ﺳﻨﺴﻮرﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪه و ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه آﻟﺘﺮاﺳﻮﻧﯿﮏ، ﭘﺮدازﺷﮕﺮ، ﻗﻄﻌﺎت دﯾﮕﺮ و ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ، ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. درﯾﭽﻪي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻫﺸﺪار دﻫﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪي ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮدار و ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺮاح، از راه دور و ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ اﻣﻮاج ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي ﺑﺎز و ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ درﯾﭽﻪ، در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه و ﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎي ﺑﺎز آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ از دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ درﯾﭽﻪ، ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ، ﺳﯿﻼبﻫﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺳﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. اﯾﻦ روش ﺳﺎده، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﺳﺖ و در ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي روش ﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﺳﺘﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Factors such as improper performance of gates, their failure, and inappropriate design of gate dimensions are likely to be followed by dangerous dam overtopping. In this article, the nonlinear equations expressing the flow rate through the dam bottom gate or intake as well as the water head inside the reservoir were converted into linear equations in the state space. Based on these linear equations, the inlet and outlet hydrographs of the dam were plotted and the equilibrium point of the diagrams duly determined. Upon adjusting the equilibrium point between the inlet and outlet hydrographs and the height (head) and volume of the reservoir water, the bottom gate or intake dimensions were calculated. The inflow and outflow flood hydrographs fully overlap in case the smart prediction and flood control system along with the pulse method is used for routing of the flood to the reservoir, such that the difference between the two is negligible. Therefore, the proposed smart system offers sufficient accuracy. Then, the digital controllers and other electronic devices were built using microcontrollers, sensors, ultrasonic distance meters, and radio wave transmitters and receivers. Different programming languages were employed in the design building of systems. The proposed flood prediction and control system is equipped with alarm systems to inform the operators in the case of emergencies. After their design and building, the systems were repeatedly used and tested in the laboratory and open channels. The results were favourable and of high accuracy. This is a simple, useful, and reliable method, and can be a suitable substitute for previous ones.