ارتباط بين بيماري‌هاي مزمن و ناتواني در فعاليت‌هاي روزانه و فعاليت‌هاي ابزاري زندگي در سالمندان

The Relationship between Chronic Diseases and Disability in Daily Activities and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in the Elderly

ابتلا به بيماري هاي مزمن از علل مهم ناتواني در انجام فعاليت هاي روزانه زندگي مي باشد. هدف از اين مطالعه تعيين ارتباط بين بيماري هاي مزمن و ناتواني در فعاليت هاي روزانه و فعاليت هاي ابزاري زندگي در سالمندان مي باشد.مواد و روش ها: اين مطالعه مقطعي بر روي سالمندان شهر اميركلا انجام شد. مشخصات دموگرافيك (سن، جنس، سطح تحصلات و شغل)، فعاليت هاي روزانه زندگي و فعاليت هاي ابزاري زندگي با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمع آوري گرديد. توانايي انجام فعاليت روزانه و ابزاري زندگي بصورت مستقل، به كمك ديگران و كاملا وابسته دسته بندي شد و در نهايت افراد كاملا وابسته و به كمك ديگران در گروه افراد ناتوان قرار گرفتند. وجود بيماري هاي مزمن در فرد سالمند با مشاهده پرونده يا مدارك پزشكي، مشخص و مورد بررسي قرار گرفت.يافته ها: از 1500 نفر سالمند واجد شرايط ورود به مطالعه، 832 نفر (55/5%) مرد و 668 نفر(44/5%) زن بودند. در اين بررسي38 نفر(2/5 %) دچار ناتواني در انجام فعاليت هاي روزانه زندگي و 723 نفر (48/2 %) در انجام فعاليت هاي ابزاري زندگي ناتوان بوده اند. تعداد بيماري همراه (0/003>p ، 1/46-1/08=ci-95%، 1/126or)، اختلال شناختي (0/009>p ، 6/5081/308ci95%=، 2/917or=) و سن بالا با فعاليت روزانه زندگي ارتباط معني داري داشته اند. بين فعاليت ابزاري زندگي و جنس (0/000p ، 2/69-1/53:ci-95%، 0/029=or)، سن (0/000=p)، سطح تحصيلات (0/000=p)، تعداد بيماري همراه (0/000=p، 1/28-1/13ci-95%، 1/2=or) و اختلال شناختي(0/000=p، 2/596-1/487ci-95%، 1/965=or) بيشترين ارتباط معني داري وجود داشته است.نتيجه گيري: بر اساس نتايج اين مطالعه، ابتلا به بيماري هاي مزمن بخصوص ابتلا به اختلال شناختي از عوامل موثر ناتواني در انجام فعاليت هاي روزانه زندگي وفعاليت هاي ابزاري زندگي مي باشد.

Chronic disease is one of the major causes of disability in doing daily activities. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between chronic disease and disability in daily activities and instrumental activities of daily living in the elderly. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the elderly of Amirkola. Demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education and occupation), daily activities and instrumental activities of daily living were collected using a questionnaire. The ability to perform daily activities and instrumental activities was categorized as independently, with the help of others and completely dependent, and ultimately, completely dependent people and those using the help of others were placed in the disability group. The presence of chronic diseases in the elderly was characterized and examined by reviewing the medical records. FINDINGS: Of 1,500 elderly who were eligible to enter the study, 832 people (55.5%) were male and 668 people (44.5%) were female. In this study, 38 people (2.5%) had a disability in daily activities and 723 (48.2%) had disability in instrumental activities of daily living. The number of associated diseases (p < 0.003, CI-95% = 1.08 – 1.46, o‎r = 1.261), cognitive impairment (p<0.009, CI-95% = 1.308 – 6.508, o‎r = 2.917) and old age had a significant relationship with daily activity. The highest significant relationship was between the instrumental activities of daily living and gender (p<0.000, CI-95% = 1.53 – 2.69, o‎r = 2.029), age (p = 0.000), education level (p = 0.000), the number of associated diseases (P = 0.000, CI-95% = 1.13 – 1.28, o‎r = 1.2) and cognitive impairment (p = 0.000, CI- 95% = 1.487 – 2.596, o‎r = 1.965). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the presence of chronic diseases, especially cognitive impairment, is one of the effective factors in disability in daily activities and instrumental activities of daily living.