چكيده فارسي :
فرآيند بازسازي آسيبهاي عضلاني-اسكلتي (ارتوپدي)، بهدليل توانايي خودنوزايي ذاتي بسيار ضعيف بافت بالغ غضروفي، باعث ايجاد مشكلاتي در زمينه پزشكي شده است. بنابراين، پژوهشهايي بر روي گسترش استراتژيهاي نوين بازساختي با استفاده از تركيب نمودن كندروسيتها يا سلولهاي بنيادي با داربستها و فاكتورهاي رشد با هدف حل اين مشكلات تمركز يافته است. بهدليل قابليت تكثيري بهنسبت پايين كندروسيتهاي پيوند شده، مدلهاي جديد ساخت غضروف، استفاده از سلولهاي بنيادي مشتق از چربي را تحت بررسي قرار دادهاند. سلولهاي بنيادي مشتق از چربي بهراحتي بدون هيچگونه عوارض جدي قابل دسترس بوده و قدرت تمايزي به چندين رده سلولي شامل تمايز خودبهخودي به غضروف را زماني كه در داربستهاي ژلي همچون كلاژن به دام انداخته ميشود دارا ميباشد. همچنين، مطالعات اخير برخي از مكانيسمهاي دخيل در فرآيند ساخت غضروف سلولهاي بنيادي مشتق از چربي را در شرايط آزمايشگاهي و همچنين قابليت ترميمي آنها را در داربستهاي مهندسيشده زيستي و در حضور فاكتورهاي رشد نشان داده است. افزونبراين، نقش مهم مولكولهاي mRNA كوچك غير كدكننده (miRNAs)، در فرآيند تمايز سلولهاي بنيادي مزانشيمي به رده غضروفي مشخص شده است. بهطوريكه طي مطالعات مختلف، تاثير چندين miRNAs بر روي تنظيم فرآيند تمايز به غضروف سلولهاي بنيادي مشتق از چربي تاييد شده است. در اين مقاله مروري، به بررسي پيشرفتهاي صورتپذيرفته در زمينه استفاده از سلولهاي بنيادي مشتق از چربي در بازسازي غضروف پرداخته خواهد شد.
چكيده لاتين :
The cartilage is a connective tissue that, due to the strength of its extracellular matrix,
allows the tissue to tolerate mechanical stress without undergoing permanent deformation.
It is responsible for the support of soft tissues and due to its smooth surface and elasticity,
gives the joints the ability to slip and bend. excessive weight, excessive activity, or trauma
can all cause cartilage to injury. The injury can lead to swelling, pain and varying degrees
of mobility loss. The process of repairing musculoskeletal (orthopedic) injuries has led to
problems in the medical field, which can be attributed to the inherent weakness of adult
cartilage tissue. Therefore, this necessitates research focused on the development of a new
restructuring strategy by combining chondrocytes or stem cells with scaffolds and growth
factors to address these problems. Correspondingly, the recent tissue engineering strategies
strongly support the simultaneous use of stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. It
has also been observed that due to the relatively low proliferation of transplanted chondrocytes,
new cartilage models construction have examined the use of adipose-derived
stem cells. Mature adipose tissue is produced as an important source of multi-functional
stem cells that can be easily separated from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) by adipose
liposuction digestion. The adipose-derived stem cells are easily accessible without
any serious complications and have the power to differentiate into several cell lines, including
chondrocytes as well as, they evidence self-renewal when trapped in gel scaffolds
such as collagen. Also, recent studies demonstrate some of the mechanisms involved in
the process of making cartilage of adipose-derived stem cells in vitro and their restorative
ability in bio-engineered scaffolds in the presence of growth factors. In addition, the important
role of non-encoding mRNA molecules (miRNAs) has been identified in the process
of chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Furthermore, in several
studies, the effect of several miRNAs has been confirmed on the regulation of the cartilage
differentiation of the adipose-derived stem cells and has also been associated with
effective results. In this article, we will present an overview of the advance in adiposederived
stem cells application in cartilage regeneration.