بررسي فراواني اضافه وزن و چاقي در كودكان پيش‌دبستاني شهر كرمان: گزارش كوتاه

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Kerman: brief report

زمينه و هدف: امروزه اضافه وزن و چاقي در كودكان از جمله نگراني‌هاي اصلي سلامتي مي‌باشند. هدف از انجام اين پژوهش بررسي فراواني و عوامل موثر بر اين اختلالات در كودكان پيش دبستاني شهر كرمان بود. روش بررسي: اين مطالعه به‌صورت مقطعي و از دي تا اسفند 1395 در دانشگاه علوم پزشكي كرمان انجام شده است كه در آن 731 كودك پيش دبستاني با روش نمونه‌گيري آسان انتخاب و فراواني اضافه وزن و چاقي با استفاده از شاخص توده بدني براي سن آن‌ها محاسبه شد. يافته‌ها: تعداد 376 پسر (51/5%) و 355 دختر (48/5%) در اين مطالعه مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند. فراواني اضافه وزن و چاقي به‌ترتيب 9/2% و 8/1% بود. بين اضافه وزن و چاقي با جنسيت، تعداد خواهر و برادر و تحصيلات والدين رابطه معنادار وجود نداشت ولي در رتبه تولد يك اختلاف مرزي مشاهده گرديد (0/05=P). نتيجه‌گيري: اضافه وزن و چاقي در كودكان پيش دبستاني از فراواني بالايي برخوردار بود.

Background: Today, overweight and obesity are major health concerns in developed and developing countries. Meanwhile, the issue is particularly important in children due to its consequences in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Kerman, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from December to March of 2016 among 731 preschool children (5 to 6 years old) who were selected using convenience sampling. The nutritional status of children was assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) expert committee guideline and based on body mass index (BMI) curves for age for boys and girls. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Chi-square test was used for data analysis, and the significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: In this study, 376 boys (51.5%) and 355 girls (48.5%) were investigated. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 68.7±4.2 months, 53% of these children were first children of the family and 30% of them were only children. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.2% and 8.1% respectively. There was no significant relationship between overweight and obesity with gender, number of siblings and parents' education. There was a borderline difference in birth order (P=0.05) and the frequency of overweight and obesity in the firstborn children was more than other birth orders. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in preschool children. Since these risk factors in children are predictors of chronic diseases during adulthood, we need to design and implement interventions to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.