امكان سنجي جايگزيني حبس ناشي از محكوميت هاي مالي با رعايت حقوق شهروندي زندانيان

Investigating the Feasibility of Replacing the Imprisonment Stemming from Financial Convictions with an Approach to the Observance of the Inmates’ Citizenship Rights

حبس محكوم عليه يكي از مهم ترين راه كارهاي وصول محكوم به است كه با توسل به ساز و كارهاي پيش بيني شده توسط قانونگذار در قانون خاص نحوه اجراي محكوميت هاي مالي، قابليت اجرا دارد. هدف در اين مقاله بررسي تحليلي توصيفي و مطالعه ميان رشته اي محكوميت مالي اشخاص در اثر عدم پرداخت مطالبات ديگران از نظر كيفري و حقوق موضوعه ايران و رشته الهيات و تحليل ماهيت اين نوع حبس، شرايط و موانع آن و ارائه راه كارهايي براي جايگزيني آن خواهد بود. نتيجه كلي اين پژوهش اين است كه با توجه به ادله و مستندات فقهي و حقوقي مطروحه در متن تحقيق، بايستي ماهيت حقوقي حبس در محكوميت هاي مالي را پذيرفت تا اين كه اين امر مجازات تلقي گردد، اين امر در متون علوم اسلامي نيز پذيرفته و تاييد شده است. شرايط لازم براي حبس محكوم عليه نيز ناممكن بودن استيفاي محكوم به از طرق مذكور در قانون نحوه اجراي محكوميت هاي مالي و تقاضاي محكوم له و موانع اين حبس نيز پذيرش اعسار و كشف اموال و يا رضايت داين خواهد بود. از سوي ديگر به نظر مي رسد از آنجا كه حبس زمينه و بستري براي درك واقعي وضعيت مالي مديون و طريق وصول دين است و موضوعيت ندارد، اگر از طرق ديگري امكان پذير باشد كه مفاسد حبس را نداشته باشند، مي تواند جايگزين شود.

The defendant’s incarceration is one of the most important solutions to the achievement of the thing to which s/he is sentenced and it is carried out in a resort to the mechanisms specified by the legislator in the special law on the method of enforcing the financial convictions. The present study’s goal is the analyticaldescriptive investigation and interdisciplinary examination of the individuals’ financial convictions as a result of their falling short of liquidating their debts to the others from the perspectives of the criminal rules and Iran’s statutory provisions as well as the theology field of the study; it also aims at analyzing the nature of such a type of incarceration, its conditions and barriers and offering of solutions for its replacement. The general result of the present study is that the legal nature of the incarceration should be accepted in financial convictions according to the jurisprudential and legal documents and proofs posited in the body of the present research so that it can be considered as a punishment. This has also been accepted and confirmed in the texts of the Islamic sciences. The necessary conditions for the incarceration of the defendant would be the impossibility of retrieving the thing to which s/he has been sentenced through ways mentioned in the law on the method of enforcing the financial convictions and the plaintiff’s demand and the barriers to such an incarceration, as well, would be the acceptance of insolvency, debt payoff and/or the creditor’s consent. On the other hand, since incarceration is a ground for the real perception of the debtor’s financial status and a way of liquidating the liabilities hence lacking any topicality, it seems that it can be replaced by other ways lacking its harms.