مطالعه‌ي جنين‌زايي سوماتيكي و توليد بذر مصنوعي از ارقام مختلف انگور (.Vitis vinifera L)

Study of Somatic Embryogenesis and Artificial Seed Production in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars

ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﯽداﻧﻪ اﻧﮕﻮر ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﺬر ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﮕﻮر و ﻣﺤﯿﻂﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﯿﻦزاﯾﯽ ﺳﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺬر ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮگ ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ اﻧﮕﻮر در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ MS 1/2، و در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﮐﺸﺖ داده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﯿﺎن ارﻗﺎم و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﺟﻨﯿﻦزاﯾﯽ ﺳﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد؛ اﻣﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آنﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ )5 درﺻﺪ( ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ )3/8mg/l TDZ + 0/2mg/l NAA( ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﯿﻦزاﯾﯽ )65 درﺻﺪ( را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ دو ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻫﯿﺪروژل ﮐﭙﺴﻮل ﺑﺬر ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ])ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﮐﺮو 5 و ﻧﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﺮو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ MS ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اول ﮐﭙﺴﻮل(، )ﻣﺤﯿﻂ 1/2 ﻧﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﮐﺮو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ B5 و ﻧﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﺮو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﯿﻂ دوم ﮐﭙﺴﻮل([ و ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ اﻧﮕﻮر ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور، ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ارﻗﺎم ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري و ﻣﯿﺎن دو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار )ﺳﻄﺢ 1 درﺻﺪ( وﺟﻮد دارد. در ﻣﯿﺎن ارﻗﺎم، رﻗﻢ ﮐﺮﯾﻤﺴﻮن ﺳﯿﺪﻟﺲ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺬر ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزده ﺷﺪه )65 درﺻﺪ( را در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ دوم ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ داﺷﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ دو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اول ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ )52/62 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ دوم ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ )20/62 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ( ﺑﺮاي ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺬور ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ارﻗﺎم اﻧﮕﻮر ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ.

Propagation of seedless grape varieties by artificial seeds is important. In order to evaluate the effect of grape cultivars and medium on somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized as a factorial design. Leaf explants of four grape varieties were cultured on 1/2 MS medium in four different levels of plant growth regulators. Results showed a statistically significant difference (1%) between the cultivars and levels of growth regulators for somatic embryogenesis. However, their interaction was not significant. The [3.8 mg/l TDZ + 0.2 mg/l NAA] composition showed the highest embryogenesis (65%). In addition, we investigated the effect of two combinations of artificial seed hydrogel capsules [(1/2 macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 1st capsulation medium) and (macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 2nd capsulation medium)] and four grape cultivars on artificial seed germination. Results showed that there were significant differences between grape cultivars (p<0.05) and capsulation media (p<0.01). Crimson Seedless cultivar had the highest artificial seed germination (65%) in 2nd capsulation medium. Mean comparison indicated that artificial seed germination in the 1st capsulation medium was more (52.62%) than 2nd capsulation medium (20.62%).