اثر مصرف كود فسفر و نيتروژن بر بيان ژنهاي Ta-PHR1 و Ta-PHO2، عملكرد دانه و صفات وابسته در گندم نان

The Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphor Fertilizer Usage on Ta-PHR1, Ta-PHO2 Gene Expression, Yield and Related Traits in Bread Wheat

ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻧﺮژي اﺳﺖ، درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻘﺪار آن در ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣﻔﻆ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﺎن ژنﻫﺎي Ta-PHR1 و Ta-PHO2 و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ-اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )0( و 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )0( و 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﭼﻬﺎر ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم )رﻗﻢ ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ و ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ T-67-60 ،N80-19 و 65-7-1-T( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و اﺟﺰاي آن در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﯿﺎن ژنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﺷﺪن داﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺗﻮأم ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد )ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﯿﺎنﮔﺮه، ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﺑﺎرور، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ داﻧﻪ، ﻃﻮل داﻧﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ( ﻧﯿﺰ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ در ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ رﻗﻢ ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ و ﻻﯾﻦ N80-19 ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮي در ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺼﺮف و ﻋﺪمﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﺎن ژن Ta-PHR1 در رﻗﻢ ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ و ﻻﯾﻦ 65-7-1-T ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻗﻄﺮ داﻧﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺖ.

Phosphor is one of the most important element in wheat. It has crucial role in yield production and transfer energy process. Therefore, supplying of phosphors in order to yield consistency is necessarily. In order to investigate the effect of using phosphor and nitrogen fertilizer on Ta-PHR1 and Ta-PHO2 gene expiration as well as yield and related traits, experiment carried out by using factorial split plot format in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot was included factorial combination of two level of nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 150kg/ha) and two level of phosphor fertilizer (0 and 100kg/ha), sub plot was included four wheat genotypes (Morvarid variety and N80-19, T-67-60, T-65-7-1 promising lines). The yield and related traits were measured at final stage of maturity and gene expression was assessed at grain filing stage. The results showed the most yield and most related traits (distance between node, spike length, shoot length, fertile tiller number, total tiller number, seed number, seed diameter, seed length, 1000 seed weight) were reached at using both nitrogen and phosphor treatment. Also, Morvarid variety and N80-19 line have more yield in both combined treatment (using both nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer) and in control condition (using no fertilizer). The most gene expression of Ta-PHR1 was assessed on Morvarid variety and T-65-7-1 line respectively. Also, usage of fertilizer had positive and significant effect on all studied traits except seed diameter.