بررسي واكنش هاي ايرانيان نسبت به رواج كالا و محصولات خارجي در عصر قاجار (سال هاي 1324-1264 هجري قمري)

Study of Iranian reaction to the prevalence of foreign goods in the Qajar Era (1264-1324 AH)

در دوران حكومت قاجاريه به ويژه در نيمه ي دوم سده نوزدهم كالاها و توليدات خارجي به دلايل مختلفي نظير نوآوري در توليد و برتري تكنولوژي و تفوق سياسي- نظامي و غيره روانه بازار شهرهاي بزرگ و كوچك ايران شد و موجد تغييراتي در سبك زندگي ايرانيان گرديد. برخي از اين محصولات خارجي از ابتداي ورود و عرضه در بازارهاي كشور مورد استقبال و پذيرش مردم قرارگرفتند، برخي ديگر به مرور زمان پذيرفته شدند و تعدادي از اين توليدات و كالاها هم با اعتراض و مقاومت مردمي روبه رو گرديدند. از اين رو چگونگي مواجهه و برخورد جامعه ي ايران با محصولات ماشيني جديد موضوع و سوال مورد مطالعه اين مقاله خواهد بود. اطلاعات اين پژوهش از داده هاي منابع مختلف كتابخانه اي استخراج گرديده و به روش عمدتا مرسوم در تحقيقات تاريخي، يعني به صورت توصيفي- تحليلي به بررسي چرايي و چگونگي كنش ها و واكنش هاي ناشي از اين رخداد پرداخته است. بر پايه اطلاعات پژوهش حاضر مي توان چنين استنتاج كرد كه در پذيرش (واكنش مثبت) يا عدم پذيرش (واكنش منفي) توليدات و كالاهاي جديد اروپايي عواملي همچون: ناآشنايي مردم با محصولات جديد، احساس تحميلي بودن اين عناصر وارداتي، تعارض اين عناصر با عادت ها و ارزش هاي فرهنگي و ديني غالب در جامعه، بهاء و منفعت اقتصادي و تداخل با مشاغل و توليدات بومي اثرگذار بوده است. در حقيقت، چهار عامل اجتماعي، فرهنگي، اقتصادي و روان شناختي در پذيرش يا نفي اين عناصر تازه و نو موثر بوده است.

The era of the Qajar reign is one of the most important historical periods in Iran.This era has been the beginning of political, social, cultural, and economic developments in confrontation with West. It is during this period that western goods and machine products were launched to the markets bazaar of big and small cities of Iran for various reasons such as innovation in the production and superiority of technology and political-military superiority; and brought changes in the Iranians lifestyle.Some of these foreign products were welcomed and accepted from the beginning of the entry and supply in the markets of the country, others were gradually accepted by the time, and some of these products and goods were faced with popular protest and resistance.The way Iranian people encountered and dealt with these new material is what this paper has addressed.As a default, it can be claimed that Iranians of the mentioned era in the face of the flood of western goods and the social changes resulting from them showed different reactions, Which is categorized into two categories of positive reactions that means accepting these new elements and reacting negatively or resistance to the entry of these elements. Based on the data of present research, which has been provided by the use of various library resources and descriptive-analytical method, one can conclude that accepting (positive reaction) or rejecting (negative reaction) the European goods, factors such as: unfamiliarity with new products, the sense of imposing these imported elements, the confrontation of these elements with the dominant cultural and religious habits and values in the society, economic benefits, and interference with native jobs and products have been effective.In fact, four social, cultural, economic and psychological factors have been effective in accepting or rejecting these new elements.