كليدواژه :
گنبد سلطانيه , آرايه هاي گچي , تزيينات رنگي , آناليز FT-IR , آناليز XRF
چكيده فارسي :
ثار باقي‌مانده از دوران حكومت ايلخانان مغول در ايران داراي ويژگي هاي معماري جالبي بوده و گنبد سلطانيه زنجان يكي از بناهاي مهم اين دوران است كه آرايه هاي معماري گوناگوني را در خود جاي‌داده است. يكي از اين نمونه ها، آرايههاي گچي است كه در لايه نازكي بر روي پوشش هاي آجري در ايوان هاي بيروني اين گنبد با لايه هاي رنگي مزين گرديده است. اين تزيينات شامل تركيبات گوناگون رنگي است كه تاكنون مطالعات علمي براي شناسايي آنها و بسترهاي مورداستفاده‌شان صورت نپذيرفته است. سؤال مطرح‌شده اين است كه اين آثار با چه تركيبات رنگي كارشده و آيا داراي ويژگي هاي خاصي هستند كه تا به امروز باقي‌مانده و در اثر عوامل محيطي تخريب نگرديده اند. با نيل به اين منظور در اين پژوهش هدف شناسايي تركيبات رنگي آرايه هاي گچي بود كه با استفاده از روش لايه‌نگاري و آناليزهاي دستگاهي FT-IR و XRF براي شناسايي عنصري و تركيبي مواد تشكيل‌دهنده رنگ ها استفاده‌شده است. بر اساس يافته هاي حاصل‌شده تركيبات رنگدانه ها شامل اخراي قرمز، اخراي زرد، سياه استخوان و كربنات كلسيم بود كه بر روي بستر گچي مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است. رنگدانه ها داراي ساختار معدني بوده و به همين علت ماندگاري بيشتري نسبت به رنگدانه هاي آلي در برابر عوامل مخرب محيطي دارند و اين امر سبب ماندگاري طولاني‌مدت آنها در محيط بيروني بوده است و ساختار مقاوم آنها دليل اصلي باقي ماندن تا به امروز اين آثار است.
چكيده لاتين :
There are many art works of the Mongol Ilkhans period in Iran that are unique in architecture and
decor. Zanjan Soltanieh Dome is one of the most important monuments of this era that has various
decorations. One of the most beautiful and unique examples of decorations in this building is the
special art of painting, which is decorated with colored layers and in the thin layer on the brickwork
on the outer porch of this dome and on the plain of Soltanieh. Although in the preceding Seljuk
period, the use of gypsum as a lime was relatively common and customary, this type of arrangement
reached to its perfection in the period of the Ilkhani. Hence, one of the most prominent features of
the Ilkhani architecture was the superb skill in casting of gypsum and its manipulation in many
different ways. With the spread of gypsum in the 8th century AH, this method has been used to
cover the walls with decorative designs. In the period of the Ilkhani, white dressing usually came
with tiny levels, so they kept these smooth surfaces rarely completely white and simple. In general,
the use of color is more common in this period, as in all kinds of practices, staining of motifs and in
flat surfaces, the use of illuminated paintings of the species was common with a wide range of
colors. Soltaniyeh domes include various black, white, red, yellow and gray colors, which have not
yet been studied in terms of color combinations to identify the pigments and substrates used in
them. The questions are about their color combinations and certain features that have been
remained untouched by environmental factors. Identifying this sample of colors has a significant
impact on creating their proper protective conditions. Since this dome is in open-air environment,
it has been affected by the environmental degradation factors. The purpose of this study was to
identify the color combinations of these decorations, which were used for the identification of
elemental and combination of color ingredients using FT-IR and XRF analysis techniques. Today,
the use of various laboratory techniques for the recognition of compounds in the field of
restoration and protection of historical works is routinely practiced. A remarkable contribution to
better understanding and better studies has been made. Using the instrumental techniques is an
appropriate step to improve the selection of therapeutic effects. Based on the results obtained, the
pigment compounds were red, yellow, black bone and calcium carbonate, which have been used on
the plaster bed. These pigments have a mineral structure and therefore, have a longer shelf life than
organic pigments against environmental degradation factors. This has led to their long-term survival
in the external environment. It is also noteworthy that there is no protective layer on them.
Nevertheless, their resistant structure is the main reason of surviving these works.
