كاربري نظامي و امنيتي قلعه ها در دوره ساساني

The military and disciplinary role of fortresses during Sasanian

قلعه ها در دوره ساسانيان عمدتا با نقش نظامي و امنيتيبررسي مي شوند، درحالي كه وسعت كاربري قلعه ها فراتر از مسايل نظامي و امنيتي بوده است و قلعه ها در تحولات سياسي، اقتصادي و اجتماعي ايران دوره ساساني نقش تعيين كننده اي داشته اند. قلعه ها استحكامات نظامي و غيرنظامي بودند كه با استفاده از ويژگي هاي جغرافياي طبيعي و در جهت حفظ امنيت، عموما در ارتفاعات و مرزها ساخته مي شدند. مقاله حاضر، با استفاده از روش مطالعه اسنادي و ميداني، درصدد پاسخگويي به اين پرسش است كه قلعه ها غير از كاربري انتظامي و مرزي، چه كاربري هاي ديگري داشته اند؟ در اين مطالعه، ايران به هشت ناحيه تقسيم شده و قلعه هاي ايران دوره ساساني مورد بررسي و مطالعه قرار گرفته است. يافته هاي پژوهش نشان مي د هد كه قلعه هاي هر ناحيه داراي كاربري خاصي بوده است؛ هرچند به طور عمده، قلعه ها كاربري نظامي- امنيتي و دفاع از مرزها داشته اند و اكثرا در نقاط سوق الجيشي و مرزي بنا شده اند اما قلعه، يكي از بناهايي هست كه در دوره ي ساسانيان از ملزومات شهرسازي محسوب مي شده است و قلعه هايي با كاربري تجاري، پرستشگاه، ارگ حاكم نشين كه نشان از وجود شهر و تمدن در آن دوره است، وجود داشته است.

During Sasanid ruling, Fortresses were basically considered in terms of their military and disciplinary role, while the fortress's usages have been beyond military issues and they played a key role in social, economic and political transformations of Iran during Sasanid period. Fortresses were considered as military and civilian fortifications which had commonly been constructed at heights and boundaries because of their natural geographical features and to maintain security. The present paper using documentary and field study aims to answer the question that in addition to military and boundary usages, what other usages have the fortresses had? In this research Iran is divided into 8 areas and the fortresses of Iran during Sasani have been studied. The research findings showed that fortresses in each area had had a particular usage; However the fortresses were mainly used as military bases to defend boundaries. Most fortresses had been built in boundaries but the fortress is one of the buildings which had been considered as urban requirement and some fortresses with commercial usage, temples, ruling citadel are seen which shows the existence of city and civilizatin during that period.