شناسايي تركيبات موجود در اسانس گياه يكساله و پنج ساله افسنطين (Artemisia absinthium L.) در مراحل مختلف فنولوِژيكي

Identification of essential oil in one year old and five years old Artemisia absinthium L. in various phonological stages

سن و ميزان توسعه گياهي و مرحله رشد رويشي و زايشي در زمان برداشت گياهان دارويي از فاكتورهاي مؤثر و مهم در تعيين محتواي متابوليت هاي ثانويه در گياهان دارويي مي باشد. در پژوهش حاضر تنوع اسانس در بخش هاي هوايي افسنطين (Artemisia absinthium L.) مطالعه شد. مواد گياهي در سه مرحله فنولوژيكي گياه پنج ساله (رويشي، آغاز گلدهي، گلدهي كامل) و مرحله رويشي گياه يكساله برداشت شد. اسانس گيري توسط دستگاه كلونجر و آناليز اسانس بوسيله GC و GC/MS انجام شد. در مجموع 40 تركيب مختلف شناسايي شد. تركيب اصلي اسانس در همه نمونه ها (z)-B-Ocimene oxide بود. مقدار(z)-B-Ocimene oxide در گياه يك ساله (%53/76)، در گياه پنج ساله، مرحله رويشي (%83/47)، در مرحله آغاز گلدهي (%59/66) و در مرحله گلدهي كامل (%93/52) بود. از ديگر تركيبات غالب گياه مي توان به carvacrol و sabinene اشاره نمود، كه بالاترين ميزان اين دو تركيب در گياه پنج ساله مشاهده شد.

Age, stage of plant development, and vegetative and reproductive growth stage at harvesting time are effective and important factors in determining the content of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In the present study, the variation of essential oil in Artemisia absinthium L. was studied. Sampling of cultivated plants was carried out from the plants grown in the field of Agricultural Research and Education Center of Hamadan province at three phonological stages of five years old plants (vegetative, beginning of flowering, full flowering) and vegetative stage of one year old plants picked in the early morning. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger's apparatus and essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 40 different components were identified. The main component of essential oil in all samples was (z) -B-Ocimene oxide. The amount of (z) -B-Ocimene oxide in a one-year plants, a five-years plants at vegetative stage, a five-years old plant at the beginning of flowering stage and five years old at the stage of full flowering were 76.53%, 47.84%, 66.59% and 52.93%, respectively. Among the other dominant components of the plant, carvacrol and sabinene can be mentioned wich the highest level of carvacrol (7.27%) was observed in vegetative stage and Sabinene (4.44%) at full flowering stage of five years old plants.