كليدواژه :
حالت , آموزش , مشكلات فراگيري , زبان روسي , زبان فارسي
چكيده فارسي :
در مقالۀ حاضر حالت در زبان روسي و مشكلات فراگيري آن براي فارسي زبانان بررسي شده است.در زبان روسي پيوند بين اعضاي جمله با انتخاب درست حالت بيان مي شود. اين پيوند ممكن است بين اجزاي مختلف كلام (فعل، اسم، صفت، قيد و عدد) برقرار شود.در مقايسه با زبان روسي، در زبان فارسي مقولۀ حالت وجود ندارد و پيوند بين واژگان در جملات و تركيب واژه ها به كمك حروف اضافه، نشانه هاي اضافه، ترتيب اجزاي كلام يا حروف ربط برقرار مي شود.
حالتهاي زبان روسي معمولاً چند معنايي هستند. هر نوع حالت داراي مجموعه اي از معاني لغوي است. با توجه به مفهومي كه هر حالت در زبان روسي دارد، به صورت معيني به زبان فارسي بيان ميشود. بنابراين، بين نوع حالت در زبان روسي و ساختارهاي نحويِ زبان فارسي رابطۀ يك به يك كاملي وجود ندارد.
همچنين در اين مقاله تلاش شده است ضمن بيان نحوۀ اينگونه روابط و حالتهاي مختلف به زبان فارسي، به يافتن قوانين، قواعد كلي و بيان مشكلاتي كه براي زبان آموزان ايراني در فراگيري حالت زبان روسي وجود دارد اشاره و علل به وجود آمدن اينگونه خطاها براي فارسي زبانان را با رويكردي تحليلي بررسي كنيم.
چكيده لاتين :
In order to become a fully competent speaker of a language one needs to acquire the phonology, develop a lexicon, learn how to inflect verbs and noun phrases, or learn how to build sentences. However, in order to be able to communicate smoothly and efficiently with other speakers, individuals also have to learn how to organize the information they want to convey in such a way that the message will be well understood by their interlocutors. One of the most important aspects of information structure is information status, which is, the marking of discourse referents as new or given. Most studies of information status marking have mostly concentrated on morpho-syntactic means, in particular the use of definite and indefinite noun phrases. Considerably less research has been concerned with the realization of intonational means. Research suggests that there may be a direct mapping between information status and certain types of pitch accents. The research also indicated that the pitch accent type used to mark accessible referents is like that used to accent given referents. The goal of the present study was to investigate the different pitch accent patterns used to mark different information status (new, given, accessible and identifiable) in the narrative discourse of the monolingual Persian- speaking adults. Moreover, since no research has been done on the intonational patterns of accessible and identifiable referents in Persian, pitch accent and intonational pattern of these referents were also investigated. To these aims, 10 monolingual Persian-speaking adults were encouraged to narrate stories based on 8 picture stories in which information status of referents were carefully controlled. The stories were labeled to determine whether they included target words, full NP, pronouns. The subjects’ pitch accent patterns were identified using Praat software. Findings of the study revealed that the most frequent accent types used to mark new, given and accessible referents were L+(H*) H+(L*) and H*+L respectively. It was also found out that there was no specific accent type to mark identifiable referents in Persian. Based on the results, it could be suggested that there was a specific relationship between information status and pitch accent types in the subjects’ narrative discourse.
