ترجيح بينندگان غربي در مورد زيرنويس عناصر فرهنگي در فيلم‌هاي ايراني: مطالعه موردي نام غذاها

Preferences of Non-Iranian Audience of Iranian Films towards Subtitling Cultural Elements: A Case Study of Food Names

ﻫــﺪف ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘــﯿﺶ رو ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺗــﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﺑﯿﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎن ﻏﺮﺑــﯽ ﺑــﻪ زﯾﺮﻧــﻮﯾﺲ ﻧــﺎم ﻏــﺬاﻫﺎ در ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫــﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧــﯽ اﺳــﺖ. ﺑــﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﭘﯿﮑــﺮهاي ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ 30 ﻓــﯿﻠﻢ اﯾﺮاﻧــﯽ و زﯾﺮﻧــﻮﯾﺲ رﺳﻤﯽ اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ آنﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮاي اﺳـﺘﺨﺮاج ﻧـﺎم ﻏـﺬاﻫﺎ و ﺗﮑﻨﯿـﮏ ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ ﺑﻪﮐﺎررﻓﺘـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺷــﺪ. ﺑــﺮاي ﺟﻤــﻊآوري دادهﻫــﺎي ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭘﺮﺳــﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪاي ﻃﺮاﺣــﯽ ﺷــﺪ و در اﺧﺘﯿــﺎر ﺗﻌــﺪاد 223 ﺑﯿﻨﻨــﺪة ﻏﺮﺑــﯽ ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ. ﻧﻈﺮﯾــﮥ ﻧﺎﭘﯿــﺪاﯾﯽ وﻧــﻮﺗﯽ )2008/1995( و روﯾﮑﺮدﻫــﺎي ﻏﺮاﺑــﺖﮔﺮا و ﺑــﻮﻣﯽﮔﺮاي وي ﺑــﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺑﯿﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎن ﺑــﻪﮐﺎر رﻓــﺖ ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳــﺖآﻣﺪه ﻧﺸــﺎندﻫﻨﺪة روﯾﮑــﺮدي ﺑــﻮﻣﯽﮔﺮا در زﯾﺮﻧــﻮﯾﺲ ﻧــﺎم ﻏــﺬاﻫﺎ در ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫــﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧــﯽ اﺳــﺖ. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ، ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣــﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾــﻦ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﯿﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎن ﻏﺮﺑــﯽ روﯾﮑــﺮد ﻏﺮاﺑــﺖﮔﺮا در ﺗﺮﺟﻤــﮥ ﻧــﺎم ﻏــﺬاﻫﺎ در زﯾﺮﻧــﻮﯾﺲ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫــﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧــﯽ را ﺗــﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨــﺪ. ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤــﻪاي ﻏﺮاﺑــﺖﮔﺮا ﺑــﺮاي ﺗﺮﺟﻤــﻪ ﻧــﺎم ﻏــﺬاﻫﺎ در زﯾﺮﻧــﻮﯾﺲ ﻓﯿﻠﻢﻫــﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧــﯽ ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷــﻮد. اﯾــﻦ ﻧــﻮع روﯾﮑــﺮد ﻧــﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑــﺎ ﺗــﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﺑﯿﻨﻨــﺪة ﻏﺮﺑــﯽ ﻫﻢراﺳﺘﺎﺳــﺖ و اﻧﺘﻈــﺎر وي را ﺑــﺮآورده ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ، ﺑﻠﮑــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﺣﻔــﻆ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي از ﻫﻮﯾـﺖ ﻣﻠـﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧـﯽ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤـﺎن دوﻃﺮﻓـﮥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ در رواﺑﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻮازن ﻗﺪرت در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻣﺮوز ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮد.

This study aims at investigating the preference of non-Iranian (Western) audience of Iranian films towards the subtitling of food names in the films. To extract the food names as well as to analyze the subtitling techniques applied in translating the names, a corpus of 30 Iranian films and their official English subtitles are scrutinized. In addition, in order to find out the preference of the subjects, a questionnaire is developed and distributed to 223 non-Iranian viewers of the films. Venuti's (1995 / 2008) theory of invisibility and the concepts of domestication and foreignization are applied in analyzing the audience's preference. The results of the study show a domesticating preference in subtitling food names in the films. Conversely, the subjects of the study preferred a foreignized approach in the subtitling of the food name. Hence, a foreignized approach in subtitling food names is the recommended strategy. Foreignized strategies are not only in line with the audience's preference, they can lead to a mutual and cultural dialogue between Iranian culture and Western culture in the unbalanced power relations in the current world.