كاربرد نظرية انسجام متني در تحليل روابط انسجامي بين متون مختلف (اثر: طبقات صوفيه، ترجمة رسالة قشريه، كشف المحجوب و تذكره الاوليا)

Application of the Theory of Cohesion in Analyzing Coherence among Different Texts

ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﻫﺎﻟﯿﺪي، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم و ﻣﯿﺰان و درﺟﮥ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﻦ، از روي رواﺑـﻂ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت و ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﻮد آن ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود؛ اﻣّﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫـﺎﯾﯽ را ﮐـﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رواﺑﻂ اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺖ. در واﻗﻊ، ﻣﺴـ ﺌﻠﮥ اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻫﻤﺎنﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ اﻧﺴـﺠﺎم ﯾـﮏ ﻣـﺘﻦ، ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت آن ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪ و از روي آن ﻫـﺎ ﻣﯿـﺰان اﻧﺴـﺠﺎم ﻣـﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺟﻤـﻼت ﻣﺘـﻮن ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ را ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ و از روي آن ﻫـﺎ، ﻣﯿـﺰان اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن را ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺮد و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ درﺻـﺪﻫﺎي ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ا ﻧﺴـﺠﺎﻣﯽ، ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ و اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي را درﺑﺎرة راﺑﻄﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورد. اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ را ﻧﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻫﺎﻟﯿﺪي ﺑـﻪ آن اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮده و ﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ درﻣﻮرد آن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﭘـﺲ از ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﯾـﮥ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم، ﭼﻬﺎر رواﯾﺖ از اﻓﺘﺎدن اﺑﻮﺣﻤﺰه ﺧﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯽ در ﭼﺎه در ﭼﻬﺎر اﺛﺮ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت اﻟﺼـﻮﻓﯿﻪ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﮥ رﺳـﺎﻟﮥ ﻗﺸﯿﺮﯾﻪ، ﮐﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮب و ﺗﺬﮐﺮه اﻻوﻟﯿﺎء، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ و ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﺒـﺎط اﻧﺴـﺠﺎﻣﯽ اﯾـﻦ رواﯾﺎت ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎمدﻫﻨﺪة ﺑﯿﻦ رواﯾﺎت، ﺳﻨﺠﯿﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس درﺻﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ رواﯾﺎت، ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﯾﮏ راوي از رواﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ از وي و ﻧﺤﻮة ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي آن رواﯾﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻂ وي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ دﯾﮕﺮي درﺑـﺎرة ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯿﻢ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ درﺻـﺪ ﮐـﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ اﻧﺴـﺠﺎﻣﯽ ﺑـﯿﻦ اﯾـﻦ ﭼﻬـﺎر رواﯾﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ رﺳﺎﻟﮥ ﻗﺸﯿﺮﯾﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت اﻟﺼـﻮﻓﯿﻪ ، ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻـﺪ اﻧﺴـﺠﺎم را داراﺳـﺖ ، 342 ﮐﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮب ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ رﺳﺎﻟﮥ ﻗﺸﯿﺮﯾﻪ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي دارد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺼﻮﻓﯿﻪ و ﺗﺬﮐﺮه اﻻوﻟﯿـﺎء ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ رﺳﺎﻟﮥ ﻗﺸﯿﺮﯾﻪ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﺴـﺠﺎم را دارد و ﺑـﺎ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت اﻟﺼـﻮﻓﯿﻪ و ﮐﺸـﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﺠـﻮب ، از اﻧﺴـﺠﺎم ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾـﻦ رواﯾـﺎت ﺑـﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ دﯾﮕﺮي را در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد ﮐـﻪ در اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﻪ آنﻫﺎ اﺷﺎره ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Coherence theory of Holiday is used for determining cohesive clause and the degree of coherence of a text by semantic relationships among sentences and different parts of that text. But one of the functions of the theory is determining intertextual relationships among different texts. Indeed, the main issue is determining cohesive clause among sentences in different texts such as sentences of a text for achieving results and valuable information about the relationship among texts by analyzing the percentages of cohesion factors. Halliday hasn't pointed to this function of the theory and also there is not any research about that, too. In this article after insetting the theory of cohesion, four versions of dropping Abuhamze in well in four works: Tabaqat e sufi, translated treatise of Qshyryh, kashf al mahjub, Tazkara tul aulia analyzed and the degree of cohesive relation of these works determinated by determining cohesive clause among works. In end, degree of narrator withdrawal and using of previous works and how to use and apply works, are determinated to achieve the rate of using and withdrawing a narrator from the narratives preceding him and the manner in which these narratives are used by him, and another valuable information about the relation among these texts. The results of determining the percentage of total cohesion factors among these four narrations show that the translated treatise of Qshyryh with Tabaqat e sufi has the highest percentage of coherence; kashf al mahjub is more coherent with the translated treatise of Qshyryh rather than with Tabaqat e sufi and Tazkara tul aulia is the most coherent with the translated treatise of Qshyryh and it has the same coincidence with Tabaqat e sufi and kashf al mahjub. By comparing these results as well as determining the percentage of coherence factors among these narratives, according to the type of cohesion, gives us other valuable results that are referred to in this research.