بررسي ميزان توزيع ماده‌ي خشك بين اندام‌هاي مختلف در گياه باقلا (.Vicia faba L)

(Investigation of dry matter partitioning amount among different organs in faba (Vicia faba L

اطلاعات كمّي (عددي) درباره تجمع و توزيع ماده‌ي خشك در باقلا (Vicia faba L.) اندك مي‌باشد. هدف اين مطالعه بدست آوردن مقادير عددي ضرايب توزيع ماده‌ي خشك بين اندام‌هاي گياه باقلا در تاريخ و تراكم كاشت‌هاي مختلف بود. آزمايش به‌صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح‌ بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با تيمارهاي تاريخ كاشت در سه سطح (7 آذر، 24 آذر و 17 دي) و تراكم بوته در چهار سطح (8، 12، 16 و 20 بوته در متر مربع) در سال 1392-1391 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشكده علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه گنبد كاووس در شرايط ديم و با 4 تكرار انجام شد. وزن خشك به تفكيك اندام‌هاي مختلف و مراحل فنولوژيك گياه طي دوره كاشت تا برداشت اندازه‌گيري شدند. توزيع ماده‌ي خشك بين برگ و ساقه قبل از مرحله شروع غلاف-دهي (R3)، از رابطه خطي پيروي مي‌كرد. نسبت توزيع ماده‌ي خشك بين برگ و ساقه در تاريخ كاشت 7 آذر ماه 62:37، در تاريخ كاشت 24 آذر ماه 60:39 و در تاريخ كاشت 17 دي ماه 54:40 بود. ماده‌ي خشكي كه به ساقه اختصاص يافته بيشتر از ماده‌ي خشك تخصيص يافته به برگ بود و از طرفي رقابت بين بوته‌اي تاثير چنداني روي توزيع ماده خشك نداشت. داده‌هاي پس از دوره دانه‌بندي نسبت به دوره قبل از آن پراكندگي بيش‌تري داشتند كه احتمالاً به‌دليل انتقال مجدد ماده‌ي خشك است.

There is low information regarding quantitative partition of biomass in faba (Vicia faba L.). The purpose of this study was to obtain the values of the distribution coefficients of dry matter between different parts of faba plant under different sowing dates and densities conditions. This experiment was conducted in Gonbad Kavoos during 2012-2013 in rainfed conditions. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were combinations of sowing dates (27 November 2012, 14 December 2012 and 7 January 2013) and four plant densities (8, 12, 16 and 20 plants m-2). Separately dry weight of different organs and phenological stages were measured between emergences to maturity. A linear relation was found for biomass partitioning between leaves and stems before podding stage (R3). Ratio of dry matter distribution among leaf and stem on 27November 2012, 14 December 2012 and 7 January 2013 were 62:37, 60:39 and 54:40, respectively. Dry matter that was dedicated to stem more than leaf. On the other hand competition between of plants had not significant effect on dry matter distribution. Dispersion between data was more after podding stage than before it, which is probably due to translocation of dry mater. Therefore, the using of fixed partitioning coefficients isn’t effective after podding stage. It was concluded that using fixed partitioning coefficients between leaf (0.39) and stem (0.58) after first-seed (R3) are not as effective as they are before this stage and using partitioning coefficients after this stage by conception of linear increase in harvest index are ideal. It was concluded that the obtained coefficients could be used for faba bean growth simulation models.