استانداردهاي پايداري در شكل گيري ساختار و عناصر معماري اقليم گرم و خشك

Comparative study of texts related to sustainability standards in hot and dry climate

در اين پژوهش، باتوجه به مطالعات نمونه‌هاي سامانه‌هاي ارزيابي پايداري اقليم گرم و خشك در سراسر جهان و مطالعات اقليم گرم و خشك كشور ايران، كليه مواردي كه در اين حوزه موجود است مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. هدف از نگارش اين مقاله پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه آيا اين مطالعات مي‌توانند براي تدوين استانداردهاي پايداري در سطح بومي معماري ايران نيز كارساز باشد و اين كه چگونه مي‌توان شاخص‌ها و متغير‌هاي پايداري اقليم گرم و خشك را بر اساس اين متون استخراج يا طراحي نمود. بر اين اساس، نمونه‌هايي از استانداردهاي پايداري در دنيا كه در اقليم گرم و خشك قرار گرفته‌اند، مانند سامانه‌هاي ارزيابي (griha, nabers, green star, sa green star, estidama, qsas) بررسي شده و همچنين، مشخصات اقليم گرم و خشك و شاخص‌ها و راهكارهاي پايداري در اين اقليم نيز مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است و چنين استنتاج مي‌شود كه متغيرهاي منطقه‌اي، بومي و استانداردهاي معماري و شهري در سامانه‌هاي ارزيابي بين‌المللي و منتخب اقليم گرم و خشك كاملا تاثيرگذار بوده و الزاماً نمي‌توان از سامانه‌هاي مطرح موجود در جهان براي اقليم گرم و خشك ايران استفاده نمود، بلكه براي ارايه‌ سامانه‌ بومي و پايدار براي اين اقليم، ‌بايد شرايط اقليمي، اولويت‌هاي منطقه‌اي و ساير ضوابط و استانداردهايي كه در ايران تدوين شده و در حال اجرا هستند را ملاك تصميم‌گيري و عمل قرار داد.

In this research, according to the studies of samples of hot and dry climate rating systems in the world and also hot and dry climate in Iran, all of the issues that are available in this field are studied and the purpose of this article is to answer this question that whether these studies can be used to formulate sustainability standards at the vernacular level of Iranian architecture as well, and how we can extract and design sustainability indicators and variables of hot and dry climate based on these texts. Based on this, examples of sustainable standards in the world for hot and dry climate, such as rating systems (GRIHA, NABERS, GREEN STAR, SAGREEN STAR, ESTIDAMA, QSAS), as well as hot and dry climatic condition indicators and sustainability strategies in this climate are investigated and it is concluded that regional, vernacular , architectural and urban standards in such systems are quite influential among selected hot and dry climate systems and we can not necessarily use the world's outstanding systems for hot and dry climate in Iran. So, to provide a sustainable and vernacular system for this climate, we should take into account the climatic and regional conditions and priorities as well as other standards and patterns that are developed and implemented in Iran. Research objectives: 1- Feasibility study on the development of sustainability standards in Iranian native architecture based on the studies on the assessment of the sustainability of warm and dry climate in the world. 2- Understanding how to extrapolate or design indicators and sustainability variables of Iran's hot and dry climate based on studies on the assessment of the sustainability of hot and dry climate in the world. Research questions: 1- Can we use the study of samples from warm and dry climate sustainability assessment systems worldwide to develop sustainable standards in Iranian native architecture? 2. How can we extrapolate and design the indicators and variables of Iran's warm and dry climate based on the studies of samples from the warm and dry climate sustainability assessment systems around the world?