طراحي الگوي اكوسيستم كارآفريني كسب و كارهاي نوپاي حوزه IT (مورد مطالعه: خراسان جنوبي)

Developing an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Model for IT Startups (Case Study: South Khorasan)

اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و رﺷﺪ ﻧﻮآوري ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﭘﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎن ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮر و دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮان را ﺗﺸﻮﯾﻖ ﻣﯽ-ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻄﺮات ﺷﺮوع و ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر را ﺑﭙﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﭘﺎي ﺣﻮزه ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻢ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي آزاد و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻻن ﺣﻮزه IT ، ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Atlas.ti ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري اوﻟﯿﻪ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﻢ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ و ﺗﻢ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و 12 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و ﻓﻌﺎﻻن اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن از رواﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﯿﺖ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻟﮕﻮي اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﭘﺎي ﺣﻮزه IT ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺖ. ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و رﯾﺴﮏﭘﺬﯾﺮي، دوﻟﺖ، ﺑﺎزار، داﻧﺶ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ، زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ، ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮕﺮان، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و واﺳﻄﻪاي، ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺳﺎزي و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﻟﮕﻮي اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﭘﺎي ﺣﻮزه ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ.

Entrepreneurship ecosystems are a combination of social, political, economic and cultural elements in a region that support the development and growth of startups, encouraging budding entrepreneurs and other actors to accept the risks of starting and financing a business. It is believed that the entrepreneurial economy, achieved through entrepreneurial ecosystem must replace the entrepreneurial policy, Therefore the regional policies for entrepreneurship are currently transitioning from an increase in the amount of entrepreneurship to an increase in the quality of entrepreneurship. The present study aims to identify the entrepreneurial ecosystem of IT startups in South Khorasan. the research has been done in qualitative method using the theme analysis technique. The data were collected through open and semi- structured interviews conducted with a group of IT workers. Primary and secondary themes were identified through examining data. The result of this study revealed the entrepreneurial ecosystem pattern of the IT startups in South Khorasan. Entrepreneurial culture and risk takin, government, market, new knowledge, the specialist human force, infrastructure, financial services, networking and industry are components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem model of south Khorasan.