الگوي جامع مبارزه با فساد اداري بر مبناي محيط بومي ايران

Designing a Comprehensive Model for Anti-Corruption Based on the Native Environment in Iran

در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﭘﻮل ﺿﻤﻦ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰي، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري را ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ. در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎد ﻣﻠﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪي ﻧﻈﺎم از ﺣﻮزه اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و در ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ اداري ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗِﮋي در دﺳﺘﻮر ﮐﺎر دﺳﺖ اﻧﺪرﮐﺎران ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮ ﺳﺆال ﺷﻮد ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان از ﭼﻪ ﻣﺪﻟﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ روﺷﻨﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺠﺎﻣﻊ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﯾﺎ اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ آن داده ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺪﻟﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎد اداري اﯾﺮان اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در داﺧﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر در ﺣﺪود 45 ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﮐﺘﺎب ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و ﺑﯿﺶ از 30 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﺪل، ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻮب ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻓﺴﺎد اداري و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت اﺳﻼم در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺤﺚ رﺷﻮه و اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺘﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎد ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ادﺑﯿﺎت، 365 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه ﺿﻤﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﮐﻪ از روش ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺪل اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﺪﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺑﻌﺪ و 8 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ و 24 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﻣﺪل از روش ﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺻﺤﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي آن، ﺿﻤﻦ اﺧﺬ ﻧﻈﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎد اداري از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻟﯿﺰرل ﻧﯿﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. ﻣﺪل ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﻤﮑﺎري و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي دو ﻣﺪل دﯾﮕﺮ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺪل ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي1، ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ2 و ﻧﻈﺎرت و ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت3P) 3 ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

Many countries and international organizations like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, while providing prescriptions, impose structural changes. But what is Iranian model for the fight against corruption? The answer to this question is not so clear. In this regard around 45 theses and Persian books and over 30 foreign articles were examined. In order to localize models, legislation related to the issue of corruption and Islamic views in the fight against corruption and bribery Along with the remarks of the Supreme Leader in this field were examined. Reviewing the native version of the Anti-Corruption, 365 index were detected, including 24 major content and content organizers was then 8 content, and finally summarized in three Comprehensive content.