طراحي و تبيين الگوي صادرات پايدار شركت هاي كاشي و سراميك (موردمطالعه: شركت‌هاي عضو بورس اوراق بهادار)

Designing and Explaining a Model for Stable Export in Ceramic and Tile Companies

ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮐﺎﺷﯽ و ﺳﺮاﻣﯿﮏ اﯾﺮان در زﻣﺮه ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺻﺎدراﺗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر و داراي ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﺎدرات اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ورود ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮر در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮐﺎﺷﯽ و ﺳﺮاﻣﯿﮏ، رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺻﺎدراﺗﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﯾﺮان ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰﺗﺮ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و اراﺋﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺻﺎدرات ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﯽ و ﺳﺮاﻣﯿﮏ اﺳﺖ. از روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ-ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﺎده ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﯽ و ﺳﺮاﻣﯿﮏ، ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﺎدراﺗﯽ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 14 ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ 55 ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي 134 ﻧﻔﺮِ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻓﺮوش، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺻﺎدرات و ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻮرس و اوراق ﺑﻬﺎدار اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي SPSS22 وAMOS اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺻﺎدراﺗﯽ ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺻﺎدرات ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ در ﺑﯿﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﺎدراﺗﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع و از ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ،ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري رادارﻧﺪ.

Iran's ceramic tile industry is one of the largest exporter industries in the country and has a high capacity for furthermore export development. Due to the approaching of emerging countries in the ceramic tile industry, the export competition has become more challenging for Iranian manufacturers. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the pattern of factors that affect on sustainable export of ceramic tile companies. The aim of this research is to identify and introduce a model to effective factors on stable export for the Ceramic and tile producer. Qualitative-Quantitative research method is used to collect data. In the first Stage, three main dimensions include in depth interviews with dozens Ceramic and tile experts. Export capabilities, organizational capabilities, international factors, and 14 subsidiary factors were identified. In the second stage, 55 item questionnaires are used in the sample of 134 people with the simple random non-probability sampling method. The population of the research included of sales force, R&D, exports and marketing personal of ten companies that are the member of security and exchange organization. To analyze the data the software’s SPSS22 and AMOS are utilized. The results show that three export capabilities, international factors and organizational capabilities have, respectively, the highest to lowest impact in the stable export. Among the size of export capabilities dimension and Organizational capabilities and international factors, diversity, quality and sanction have, respectively, the most effect on the stable exports.