رتبه‌بندي مولفه‌هاي كارآفرينانه اقتصاد مقاومتي با استفاده از AHP: ارئه مدل كارآفريني مناسبِ اقتصاد مقاومتي

Rating the Entrepreneurial Components of Resilient Economy by AHP: Designing Appropriate Entrepreneurial Model for Resistive Economy

ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﯾﮏ آﯾﻨﺪه ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎزي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ؛ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ-ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ، ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آﺷﮑﺎرا و ﻫﻢ ﺗﻠﻮﯾﺤﯽ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از AHP1 ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارﺋﻪ ﻣﺪل ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر از روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ؛ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ )ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن- ﭘﺪام(؛ ﮐﻤﯽ )AHP( اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮐﺎر دو ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد، ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن رﺳﯿﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اول ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ادﺑﯿﺎت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ دوم ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اول و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﺎزي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﭘﺎركﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻢ و ﻓﻨﺎوري داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ 30 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﭘﺎركﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻢ و ﻓﻨﺎوري داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻢ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ AHP ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 0.444 ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ، آﺳﯿﺐﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 0.180 رﺗﺒﻪ دوم، و ﮐﺸﻒ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 0.140 رﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﻮم را ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎري 0.07ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ داراي ﺗﻌﺪادي زﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in a sustainable future. This concept can be seen in the various strands of the general policies of resistive economy both explicitly and implicitly. The purpose of this article was to Rating the Entrepreneurial Components of Resilient Economy by AHP to designing appropriate entrepreneurial model for resistive economy. For this mixed method; qualitative method (PEDAM and Delphi) quantitative method (AHP) was used in this study. The research tools are two researcher-made questionnaires that have been approved by the experts. The first questionnaire was compiled based on the components of the research literature and qualitative research methods in the Likert spectrum. The second questionnaire was based on the results of the first questionnaire in the fuzzy spectrum. The statistical population of the study was all experts in the science and technology parks of universities. Among them, 30 of the science and technology parks of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, University of Science and Technology and University of Tehran were selected through targeted sampling. AHP results showed that the main components such as entrepreneurship infrastructure with a score of 0.444 was the most important, the pathology of entrepreneurship processes with a score of 0.180 was second, and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities with a score of 0.140 was third with an Inconsistency of 0.07. Also, each of the main components has a number of sub-components that were ranked in order respectively.