بررسي نقش ميانجي عدالت سازماني ادراك شده در اثر روابط مبادله اي بر طفره روي اجتماعي

An Investigation of Effects Exchange Relationships on Social loafing by Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Justice

در ﭼﻨﺪدﻫﻪي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻃﻔﺮهروي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﻃﻔﺮهروي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﻓﺮد ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﺎﻣﺪاﻧﻪ ﺗﻼش ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﺟﺴﻤﯽ ﺧﻮد در ﺣﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﺷﺎره دارد. ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ اﯾﻦ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎ در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن، اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ اﻫﻮاز ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 822 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ 265 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ادراكﺷﺪه ﻧﯿﻬﻮف و ﻣﻮرﻣﺎن)1993(، ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪي رﻫﺒﺮ-ﻋﻀﻮ ﻻدن و ﻣﺚ ﻟﯿﺪن)1998(، ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪي ﻋﻀﻮ-ﺗﯿﻢ ﺳﯿﺮز)1989( و ﻃﻔﺮهروي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﻮرج)1992( در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 97 ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/939 ،0/948 ،0/876 و 0/925 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي SPSS21 و Smart PLS2 ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎنداد ﮐﻪ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪاي )راﺑﻄﻪ رﻫﺒﺮ-ﻋﻀﻮ و ﻋﻀﻮ-ﺗﯿﻢ( ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ادراك از ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﻮزﯾﻌﯽ و ﻣﺮاودهاي و ﻃﻔﺮهروي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دارﻧﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﻮزﯾﻌﯽ ﻗﺎدر اﺳﺖ اﺛﺮ راﺑﻄﻪ رﻫﺒﺮ-ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻃﻔﺮهروي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ را ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯽﮔﺮي ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي درﮔﯿﺮ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪاي ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ اﺣﺴﺎس ﮐﻨﻨﺪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎدي و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﺒﺎدرت ﺑﻪ ﻃﻔﺮهروي ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد.

In the past few years, duo to positive organizational behaviors, deviant behaviors such as social loafing have been the focus of attention of researchers in organizational studies. social loafing refers to the person's desire to deliberately reduce his mental and physical effort during activity. Considering the importance of the role of these behaviors in the performance of the organization and the provision of services to the client, this research examines the two organizational factors that affect social loafing in the public hospitals of Ahwaz. The population of the study consisted of 822 medical staff, that 265 were selected by stratified sampling method. Tools used to collectthe data organizational justic questionnaire of Nijouff and Morman(1993), leader-member exchange questionnaire of Liden & Maslyn(1998), team-member questionnaire of Seers(1989) and social loafing questionnaire of George(1992) that content validity structures and reliability of their approval reached. The results of the research indicated that the exchange relations had a significant effect on the perception of distributive and interactional justice and social loafing. But merely distributive justice can substantially mediate the impact of the leader-member relationship on social loafing. This indicates that members are involved in exchange relationships if they feel they are less financially and economically profitable than most other members, they involve in social loafing.