تحليل مقايسه‌اي ساختار و محتواي شعر شاعران زن معاصر؛ مطالعۀ موردي: صفارزاده، راكعي، كاشاني و وحيدي

A Comparative Analysis of the structure and Content of the Poetry of Contemporary Female Poets: The Case Study of Saffarzadeh, Rake’i, Kashani, Vahidi

شاعران از قديم تا امروز براي بيان ذهنيّات خود از روش خاص خود استفاده كرده و همين روش خاص باعث شده ازنظر زبان، محتوا و قالب، آثارشان از ديگري متمايز شود و هريك سبك خاص خود را رقم بزنند؛ بر همين سياق، شاعران زن در عصر كنوني، براي بيان مباحث اجتماعي، زبان خاص خود را دارند كه از ديگري متمايز است و باعث سبك‌آفريني شعر آنان شده ‌است. در اين مقاله، كوشش شده ‌است اشعار چهار شاعر معاصرِ زن (صفارزاده، راكعي، كاشاني و وحيدي) كه با رخدادهاي انقلابِ اسلامي همزمان بوده‌اند، با تأكيد بر ساختار و محتواي اشعار پس از انقلاب اين شاعران، با رويكرد سبك‌شناسي لايه‌اي و روش تحليل محتوا بررسي شود. نتيجۀ به‌دست‌آمده نشان مي‌دهد صفارزاده با ساختار شعر نو، كاشاني و وحيدي با شعر كلاسيك و راكعي در هردو نوع آثاري خلق ‌كرده‌اند. اشعار زنانه در شعر راكعي نمود بيشتر و محسوس‌تري دارد. واژه‌هاي امروزي و ساده، دوري از تعقيد، بيانِ كنش‌هاي اجتماعي، توجه ويژه به روحيّۀ حماسي و ملي‌گرايي، شهيد و شهادت، ظلم‌ستيزي و ... ويژگي‌هايي است كه به‌صورت مشترك در اشعار اين شاعران مشاهده مي‌شود.

In expressing thoughts and feelings, the poet's specific method makes her works distinguished in terms of structure and content. Female poets in the present age have their own language to express different issues, which is distinct from the other. Contemporary post-revolutionary female poets have poems in classical, neoclassical, and Nimayi styles that can be analyzed using a stylistic approach based on different layers of style. It is necessary to examine the stylistic components of attracting the audience's attention to the text and revealing the hidden layers of the text. In Fotuhi's view, style and structure of poetry can be examined in five linguistic layers: phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological. In this article, the authors have attempted to examine poems by four contemporary female poets (Saffarzadeh, Rake’i, Kashani, and Vahidi) that coincided with the events of the Islamic Revolution, emphasizing the structure and content of their post-revolutionary poems with a layered stylistic approach and content analysis method. Statistical and analytical survey of the poems of these poets shows that all four poets have noticed the music of poetry in the phonetic layer in a different way. By comparing the lexical layer components, it can be said that the use of sensory and specific words, repetition of words and unmarked words in the poems of Saffarzadeh are more frequent than others and these components in Kashani poetry are less than the rest. Rakki has used more abstract vocabulary than others and Kashani in the use of abstract vocabulary is in second place after Rake’i. There is a significant difference in the use of words between these poets which minimizes their common way in this layer. By examining the syntactic layer, it was found that the use of imperative and preventive verbs in Kashani poetry, precedence of verbs in Rake’i poetry, and beginning with "and" in Saffarzadeh poetry have the highest frequency. an‎d Vahidi's poetry in the syntactic layer is not simple and worth mentioning. By examining the rhetorical layer, many commonalities among these poets have been seen. Apart from Kashani, in the simile component, the rest are equally emerged in this layer. By examining the layer of ideology, other than the subject of martyrdom, the personality of the leader of the revolution and social disruption that are of high-frequency, the other themes and components are almost identical in frequency. There are common concepts and themes in the subject of resistance, endurance, and defense literature that in the works of all poets have a high frequency. Generally speaking, Saffarzadeh with the structure of modern poetry, Kashani and Vahidi with a classical poetry, and Rake’i in both types have created works. Women's Poems in Rake'i poetry has a more intense appearance. Modern and simple words, avoidance of complexity, expression of social practices, special attention to epic and nationalism, martyrdom and martyr, cruelty and so on are characteristics that are common in these poets' poems.