كليدواژه :
علم حضوري , معرفت , اصالت وجود , شناخت وجود , معرفت شناسي
چكيده فارسي :
بدون ترديد، مبناي نخست حكمت متعاليه در بعد هستي شناسي، همان اصالت وجود است كه بر اساس آن، چيزي جز وجودها و آثار وجودي آن‌ها، در دار هستي يافت نمي‌شود. ملاصدرا در جاهاي مختلف آثارخويش، بيان مي‌كند كه معرفت حقيقي به وجودات تنها از طريق علم و كشفِ شهودي ميسّر است. پرسشي كه اينجا، خودنمايي مي‌كند، اين است كه چگونه مي‌توان بر اساس اصالت وجود، به وجودات، علم حضوري و حصولي پيدا كرد و چنين علمي تا چه حدّي مي‌تواند ما را به شناخت حقيقي رهنمون شود؟ پاسخ اجمالي اين است كه علاوه بر علم حضوري با همه اقسامش، از طريق معقولات ثانيه فلسفي و مفاهيم ماهوي نيز مي‌توان تا حدودي به موجوداتِ خارجي معرفت پيدا كرد و افزون بر ادراكات حضوري و حصولي عقلي، از طريق حواس نيز با موجوداتِ محسوس مواجه مي‌شويم و از طريق همين مواجهه، به آن‌ها علم پيدا مي‌كنيم. بنابراين اقسامي از علم حضوري و مفهومي (عقلي) و حسي به موجودات داريم؛ لكن بايد دانست كه هر معرفتي حدّ و چارچوب خاصّي دارد و دانستن اين حدّها، خود، بخشي از حكمت است.
چكيده لاتين :
There is no doubt that, the first ontological cornerstone for Transcendent philosophy is seen in the "principality of Existence", according to which nothing is considered as real in the realm of existence except the being itself, and “existence” is not realized in the mind, because it is the simple and unfolded reality whose mode of being is the refusal of “nothingness” and being the primary source of acts or effects, and the true knowledge of existence is possible only through knowledge by presence and intuition.The question that arises here is that how beings can be perceived by presence or acquired knowledge and to what extent can such a knowledge lead us truly to knowledge? The aim of this research is to deal with this question. The concise answer is that, it is possible, to some extent, to gain knowledge of external beings by "Secondary intelligible" and "essential concepts", along with to "knowledge by presence" with all its kinds. For such concepts are abstracted from external beings and their comparison, and for the sake of this relationship, they are reflecting their own objects. In addition to "knowledge by presence" and "acquired knowledge", we also encounter creatures through senses and through this we know them. Therefore, there are various forms of knowledge of beings, and the knowledge of mankind is open to beings. However, it is worthy to note that knowing take place in a certain framework and conditions.
