ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ي ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻮدك و ﻧﻮﺟﻮان از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻨﯽ و دﯾﺪاري (نمونه ي ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ: ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ »ﺣﮑﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء«)

Technical and Visual Requirements of Translating Children and Young Adults' Novels (A Comparative Case Study of the Translation of the Collection The Legends of Al-Nahlat al-Khudra)

ﺮﺟﻤﻪ ي ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن، ﺣﻮزه اي از ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎ و دﺷﻮاري ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺧﻮد را دارد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮر ﻏﺎﻟﺐ، ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان آﺛﺎر ﺣﻮزه ي ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻮدك و ﻧﻮﺟﻮان، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯽ زﺑﺪه و آﮔﺎه ﻧﯿﺎز دارد؛ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﻮدك، ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ رﺷﺪ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻨﯽ و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽِ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪأ و ﻣﻘﺼﺪ، آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺳﻌﯽ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ داﺳﺘﺎن ﺣﮑﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ي ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ آن، ﺑﻪ دﺷﻮاري ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ي ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن، از ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪي از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ، ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ي داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎﻧﻪ را ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﭘﺮدازاﻧﯽ، ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﯾﺘﯿﻨﻦ، ﮐﻠﯿﻨﺒﺮگ و دال، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ و ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽِ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ در اﺻﻞ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ، روﺑﻪ رو ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Translation of children and adolescents’ literary texts is usually accompanied with difficulties as it has special characteristics of its own. Studies have shown that translating children and adolescents' books require a professional translator who is familiar with child psychology, stages of language development and cultural differences of the source and target languages. We have compared the collection of stories, The Legends of al-Nakhlat al-Khudra, with its Farsi translation to elaborate the difficulties translating children's books from Arabic to Farsi. Bringing some examples of this collection, we analyze the necessities of children stories’ translation based on viewpoints of theoreticians including Oittinen, Kleinberg and Dahl. The results of this study show that the translator of this story collection faces some challenges such as Arabic-Farsi culture and language differences, lack of connection between text and picture, and negligence in transferring educational goals from target stories.