مفهوم و ابعاد مشا ركت در فرايند عدالت ترم يمي و آثار آن در جامعۀ انتقالي

The Concept and the Elements of Participation in the Process of Restorative Justice’s Process and Its Impact on Transitional Society

مشاركت در ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدآﻣﺪن ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﺟﺮم و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ اي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺟﺮم ارﺗﮑﺎﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ از اﯾﻦرو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ آﺛﺎر درﺧﻮر ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ و ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻢ رواﺑﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دارد. ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ اﻧﺪازه اﺑﻌﺎد و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒﮥ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ؟ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﺪۀ ﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒﮥ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪا ن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﺑﺰه دﯾﺪه، ﻣﺮﺗﮑﺐ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﺷﺘﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻫﻢزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻤﺖآﻣﯿﺰ اﯾﻔﺎء ﮐﻨﺪ؛ زﯾﺮ ا اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺣﻞ وﻓﺼﻞ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮي در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دوﻟﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ، ﻣﻨﺼﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﯽرﺳﺪ؛ ﭼﻮن ﻧﺎﺑﺴﺎﻣﺎﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺠﺎري و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ دوﻟﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ اﺟﺎزۀ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ر ا ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻫﻢﻧﻮ اﯾﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎري ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﺑﺰه دﯾﺪﮔﺎن و ﺑﺎزﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺮﺗﮑﺒﯿﻦ ر ا ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورده و در ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻢ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد رواﺑﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﯾﻔﺎء ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ؛ ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺛﺎر آن ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔ ﯿﺮي روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ر ا ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.

This article first reviews the concept as well as the elements of participation in the process of restorative justice, and emphasizes the importance of the presence of all parties including victims, perpetrators, and the local communities, in conflict resolution in transitional society. The article also studies the impact of participation in achieving the major goals of the transitional society including national reconciliation and peaceful coexistence. The main question of the article is whether the multi-party participation in the process of the restorative justice has an impact on the realization of the goals of the transitional society. This article argues that the participation of all parties in a transitional society, as victim, perpetrator, or local community has a great deal of impact in the achievement of these goals, and it provides for both the protection of victims and rehabilitation of the perpetrators and it provides for both the protection of victims and rehabilitation of the perpetrators.