اولويت بندي شاخص هاي طراحي فضاي مابين مجتمع هاي مسكوني براساس اصول پدافند غير عامل (نمونه موردي : شهرك اكباتان تهران )

Prioritizing the Design Indicators between Residential Complexes Based on Passive Defense Principles (Case Study: Ekbatan Town of Tehran)

فضاهاي باز مابين بلوك هاي مسكوني به دليل عدم مالكيت خصوصي و تعلق آن به عموم ساكنان، مي توانند در مواقع بحراني به منظور اهدافي مانند امدادرساني، اسكان موقت و مانند آن، نقش بسيار مهمي در كاهش آسيب پذيري ها داشته باشند. براين اساس پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحقيق توصيفي – تحليلي و با هدف بررسي و شناسايي محدوديت ها و توانايي هاي فضاهاي باز از نظر چگونگي تركيب توده و فضا، تنوع پذيري عملكردي براي مواقع بحراني و همچنين چگونگي دسترسي مناسب از منظر پدافند غيرعامل مي پردازد. به همين منظور معيارهاي كلي تبديل فضاي مابين مجتمع هاي مسكوني به فضاي باز شهري براساس اصول پدافند غيرعامل، توسط 24 نفر از كارشناسان و اساتيد حوزة معماري، مسكن و شهرسازي، برنامه ريزي شهري و مديريت بحران به روش دلفي در طي دو مرحله شناسايي شدند پس از شناسايي مهمترين معيارها با تكميل ماتريس تصميم گيري شباهت به گزينه ايده آل با تاپسيس توسط گروه خبره، معيارها اولويت بندي شدند.نتايج نشان ميدهد كه سه شاخص سلسله مراتب حريم و قلمرو، انعطاف پذيري و نفوذپذيري به ترتيب داراي اولويت براي طراحي فضاي باز مابين بلوك هاي مسكوني طبق اصول پدافند غيرعامل مي باشند. در آخر سه معيار داراي اولويت در بلوك هاي مسكوني شهرك اكياتان تهران تحليل شد. با طراحي هوشمندانه اين فضاها به كمك اين سه معيار نه تنها مي توان تا حدود زيادي از آسيب پذيري فضاي مسكوني در شرايط بحراني و در زمان اولية حمله دشمن، جلوگيري نمود بلكه مي توان با ايجاد فضاهايي زيبا و متباين به غناي معمارانه فضاها در مواقع عادي نيز افزود.

The use of inertial defense measures and considerations as preventive action, in addition to the sharp reduction of costs, increased the defense effectiveness of plans, goals and projects during the time of enemy invasion and in emergencies, and sought it will reduce the severity of the vulnerability. Open spaces between residential blocks can be one of the most important spatial planning spheres in terms of passive defense. Because these spaces can have a critical role in reducing vulnerability in times of crisis due to their lack of ownership and their belonging to the general public, for purposes such as relief, temporary accommodation, and the like. The main purpose of writing the article is to extract and compile the technical criteria that are used to improve the design of the architecture of open spaces between residential blocks based on the requirements of non-operational defense and to promote national capabilities in order to protect physical assets an‎d especially the human being of the country, plays an important role. In the present article, based on written studies and libraries and a descriptive-analytical method, the basic concepts are defined first. Then, the role and effects of space in the architecture of buildings was explained. In the following, the spaces between building blocks and open space form are explained based on the layout and typology of residential complexes. In the next step, the principles of non-passive outdoor defense are outlined among residential complexes. Finally, the general characteristics of the transformation of the space between residential complexes into urban open spaces according to the principles of passive defense, were determined by the decision-making method of likening to the ideal option (TOPSIS). The results show that three indexes of privacy and territory, flexibility and permeability, respectively, have priority for the design of open spaces between residential blocks in accordance with non-operational defense principles. With the clever design of these spaces, with these three criteria, not only can a large extent be prevented from the vulnerability of residential space in critical situations at the time of the initial attack, but can also be created by creating beautiful spaces that are architecturally rich Spaces added to normal times.