بررسي اثر خوون چيني بر انتقال حرارت از نماي جنوبي در تابستان، در اقليم بسيار گرم و نيمه خشك خوزستان

Studying the effect of khavunchini on heat transfer from South facade in summer, in very hot and semi-arid climate of Khuzestan

ﺧﻮونﭼﯿﻨﯽ، ﻧﻮﻋﯽ آﺟﺮﮐﺎري ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻄﻌﺎت آﺟﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن و اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻤﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﺟﺮا ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻦﻫﺎي آﺟﺮي در ﻣﻌﻤﺎري اﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن و ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ دزﻓﻮل، در ﺳﺮدر وروديﻫﺎ و ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺑﺪﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﯿﺎط داﺧﻠﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ از ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﻓﺮورﻓﺘﮕﯽ آﺟﺮﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن، ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي از ﻧﻤﺎ را ﻣﯽﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ. در ﮐﻨﺎر ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد زﯾﺒﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻮش، ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت از اﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧﻠﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ ﺧﻮونﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت در ﺟﺪاره ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از روش ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ و ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ واﻗﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻧﻘﻮش ﺧﻮونﭼﯿﻨﯽ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ دزﻓﻮل، ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻧﺪازي زﯾﺎد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. دو اﺗﺎﻗﮏ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد و ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎت ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﮐﻪ وﺟﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ دﯾﻮار آﺟﺮي، ﯾﮑﯽ داراي ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﻮونﭼﯿﻨﯽ و دﯾﮕﺮي داراي ﻫﻤﺎن ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ در ﺷﻬﺮ آﺑﺎدان ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﮔﺮم و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در آﺑﺎدان و ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ دزﻓﻮل، اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي دﻣﺎ و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ، دﻣﺎ و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ درون اﺗﺎﻗﮏﻫﺎ و دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧﻠﯽ دﯾﻮار آﺟﺮي )ﺟﺒﻬﻪ رو ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﻮب( اﺗﺎﻗﮏﻫﺎ، در ﺷﺶ دوره اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي، در ﻃﻮل ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1398 ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ درﮔﺮم ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ روز، دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧﻠﯽ دﯾﻮار ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و دﻣﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ اﺗﺎﻗﮏ داراي ﺧﻮونﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﮏ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1 و 0/8 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت دﻣﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﺛﺮ ﺧﻮونﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت از ﻧﻤﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن، در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Khavunchini is a kind of extruded ornamental brick work, using brick pieces of equal thickness and different sizes and is applied as the facade of the building. These types of ornaments are found in the vernacular architecture of Khuzestan province and have been used extensively, especially in the historical part of Dezful, in entrances and parts of the inner courtyards. The motive for the present study was studying the shading effect of these patterns on the building facade. the shadow produced by Khavunchini, especially in summer, covered a considerable area of the facade. in addition to their aesthetic role, the resulting shadow patterns can be effective in reducing heat transfer from facade in summer, in very hot climate of Khuzestan. The research objective is to test the effect of these elements on heat transfer from the facade surface. In this study, with an experimental approach, two identical cubicles were constructed with the south face of brick wall, one with a Khavunchini pattern on it and the other with the same but not extruded pattern. Due to the abundance of these ornamental elements in the Dezful historical part, the desired pattern was selected from this region. Abadan was selected, as the representative of very hot and semi-arid climate of Khuzestan, for constructing the models. The reasons for this choice were the feasibility of building the models and conducting experiments in Abadan and the climatic resemblance to Dezful as a treasure trove of Khavunchini art. The variables of ambient temperature and relative humidity, temperature and relative humidity inside the cubicles and average temperature of the cubicles' south face inner surface were recorded in six measurement periods in summer 2019. the results showed that, at the hottest hours of the day, the average temperature of the south face inner surface and the indoor temperature of the cubicle with Khavunchini compared to the cubicle without it, showed an average decrease by 1 and 0.8 °C respectively. The results confirmed the positive effect of Khavunchini on heat transfer reduction from the south facade in summer in the studied climate.