پديد آورندگان :
اماني, رزيتا دانشگاه بوعلي سينا همدان - دانشكده علوم اقتصادي و اجتماعي - گروه روان شناسي , هاديان همداني, كيانا دانشگاه بوعلي سينا همدان - دانشكده علوم اقتصادي و اجتماعي - گروه روان شناسي , مجذوبي, محمدرضا دانشگاه زيگن نوردراين وستفالن آلمان - دانشكده روان شناسي و روان شناسي رشد
كليدواژه :
خاطره پردازي , پرسشنامه , سالمند , اعتباريابي پرسشنامه خاطره‌پردازي سالمندان
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ادﺑﯿﺎت ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان، ﻣﺮور ﺧﺎﻃﺮات در اﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻓﻘﺪان ﯾﮏ اﺑﺰار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در اﯾﺮان ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان و ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﯽﺧﻮرد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺪل وات و واﻧﮓ )1991( ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ »ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ« و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش اﺟﺮا، از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺎﻻي 60 ﺳﺎل ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺪان، ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، اراك، رﺷﺖ، ﺳﻤﻨﺎن، اروﻣﯿﻪ، آﺑﺎدان، ﺗﻬﺮان و ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ 436 ﻧﻔﺮ )226 ﻣﺮد و 210 زن( ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ 48 ﮔﻮﯾﻪاي ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 23 ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ دروﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﮔﻮﯾﻪﻫﺎ 0/904 و ﺑﺮاي زﯾﺮﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎي رواﯾﺘﯽ-اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ، وﺳﻮاﺳﯽ، اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﯽ، آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮگ، و ﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 0/812 ،0/795 ،0/826 ،0/904 و 0/774 ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ورﯾﻤﺎﮐﺲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد 18 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ از ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ از ﺑﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ در ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از زﯾﺮﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ و 30 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ در ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي رواﯾﺘﯽ-اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ )8 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ(، وﺳﻮاﺳﯽ )6 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ(، اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﯽ )7 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ(، آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮگ )5 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ( و ﮔﺮﯾﺰي )4 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ(. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ زﯾﺮﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي اﺑﺰاري و ﺣﻔﻆ ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ از ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ 30 ﮔﻮﯾﻪاي ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﯾﻨﺪه و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان و ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﭘﺮدازي ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎب ﺟﺪﯾﺪي در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎز ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ
چكيده لاتين :
Reminiscence appears to be a crucial variable in the elderly, according elderly related literature. However, there is seen to be a lack of a suitable tool to assess the rate and kind of reminiscence in the aged people in Iran. Therefore, the current study was to construct and validate an elderly reminiscence questionnaire based on Watt and Wong (1991) model. This was a “research and development” study in terms of its purpose and a descriptive one in terms of its kind. The statistical population contained the whole aged individuals up to 60 years old residing in Hamedan, Kermanshah, Arak, Rasht, Semnan, Urmia, Abadan, Tehran and Kerman, among whom selected using convenience sampling were 436 (226 male & 210 female) who filled out a 48-item elderly reminiscence questionnaire. Having been analysed using SPSS-23, results indicated that the internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha-coefficient) was 0.904 for whole items and were 0.904, 0.826, 0.795, 0.812, and 0.774 for narrative-transmissive, obsessive, integrative, death preparation, and escapist subscales respectively. The factor structure of the questionnaire was analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis with Varimax Rotation. Results indicated that 18 items in questionnaire don’t exhibit acceptable loading on any component and there were found 30 items which exhibited the highest loadings on 5 emerged components include narrative-transmissive (8 items), obsessive (6 items), integrative (7 items), death preparation (5 items), and escapist reminiscence (4 items). Besides, the instrumental and intimacy maintenance subscales were deleted from the questionnaire. Hence, it may open up a new chapter in the elderly related studies in Iran, with the utilization of 30-item elderly reminiscence questionnaire in future studies and the consideration of the relationship between the rate and kind of reminiscence with other significant elderly related variables.
