افكار خودكشي در سالمندان بدون همسر: نقش تحريف‌هاي شناختي بين‌فردي، عاطفه‌ مثبت و منفي، حمايت اجتماعي ادراك شده و معنا در زندگي

Suicidal Ideation in Elderly Without a Spouse: The Role of Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions, Positive and Negative Affect, Perceived Social Support and Meaning in Life

اﻣﺮوزه در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺧﻮدﮐﺸﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﻓﮑﺎر ﺧﻮدﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻒﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦﻓﺮدي، ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ، ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ادراك ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺪون ﻫﻤﺴﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ در ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 111 ﻧﻔﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﻓﮑﺎر ﺧﻮدﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﮏ، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻒﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦﻓﺮدي ﺣﻤﺎمﭼﯽ و ﺑﻮﯾﻮك-اوزﺗﻮرك، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ واﺗﺴﻮن و ﮐﻼرك، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ادراك ﺷﺪه ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪي زﯾﻤﺖ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺳﺘﯿﮕﺮ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 23 ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻒﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦﻓﺮدي و ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻓﮑﺎر ﺧﻮدﮐﺸﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد )0/01

Today, in many countries, elderly suicide is considered as an important issue in public health. The present study aimed to predict suicidal ideation based on interpersonal cognitive distortions, positive and negative affect, perceived social support and meaning in life in the elderly without a spouse. It was a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population of the study included all elderly attending nursing homes in Ardabil in 2019 among whom 111 were selected by convenience sampling method. Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Hamamci and Buyukozturk Scale for Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions, Watson and Clark Questionnaire for Positive and Negative Affect, Zimet Multiple Scale for Perceived Social Support and Steger Questionnaire for Meaning in Life were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis in SPSS version 23 software. The results showed a significant positive correlation between interpersonal cognitive distortions and negative affect with suicidal ideation of the elderly (P<0/01). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between positive affect and perceived social support with suicidal ideation of elderly (P<0/01). However, results suggested no significant correlation between meaning in life and suicidal ideation of elderly. In addition, the results of regression analysis revealed that approximately 48% of the total variance of suicidal ideation was predicted based on cognitive distortions, positive and negative affect and perceived social support (P<0/01). In general, according to the findings of the study and in order to prevent the occurrence of suicidal ideation in elderly without a spouse, it was recommended to pay attention to dimension such as interpersonal cognitive distortions, positive and negative affect and perceived social support.