اثربخشي آموزش خود شفقت ورزي بر ادراك شايستگي و انعطاف پذيري روانشناختي دختران بد سرپرست

Efficacy of Self-Compassion training on perceived competence and psychological flexibility in bad-caretaker girls

ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﺮوم ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻋﺪم اﻣﻨﯿﺖ، ﺗﺮس و اﺿﻄﺮاب رﺷﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و وﺟﻮد ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ در دﺧﺘﺮان ﺑﺪﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻟﺬا اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر درك آﺳﯿﺐﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ رواﻧﯽ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﺧﻮد ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ورزي ﺑﺮ ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ دﺧﺘﺮان ﺑﺪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 24 ﻧﻔﺮ از دﺧﺘﺮان ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪروزي ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮج ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ ﮔﻤﺎرش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ، اﺟﺘﻨﺎب و آﻣﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻮﺟﻪآﮔﺎﻫﯽ را ﭘﯿﺶ از آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺲ از آن ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. دوره آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ورزي ﻃﯽ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 2/5 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺰارﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ آﻣﻮزش ﺧﻮدﺷﻔﻘﺖ ورزي ﺑﺎ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن 95 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ )ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ 57%، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ 60% و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ 44%( و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ )اﺟﺘﻨﺎب و آﻣﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ 57% و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ 71%( در ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از آﻣﻮزش ﺧﻮدﺷﻔﻘﺖ ورزي ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان روﺷﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ و اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در دﺧﺘﺮان ﺑﺪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.

Adolescents who lack family support grow up with a sense of insecurity, fear, and anxiety. According to the research, structural problems of primary family and inappropriate socioenvironmental factors may cause psychological traits in bad-caretaker girls. Therefore, psychological flexibility and perception of competence as a framework for understanding psychopathology and mental health are proposed. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on the perceived competence and psychological flexibility of the bad-caretaker girls. The research design was quasi-experimental based on pre-test and post-test with control and experimental groups. For this purpose, 24 girls of Mehr Boarding Center were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two control and experimental groups. Participants completed the perceived competence, Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire, Acceptance and Mindfulness before and after training. The training was conducted in eight weekly sessions for 2.5 hours. The results of this study by covariance analysis showed that self-compassionate training with 95% confidence leads to increased perceived competence (cognitive 57%, social 60% and physical 44%) and psychological flexibility (avoidance and fusion -57% and acceptance and mindfulness 71%) in the training group. According to the results, self-compassionate training can be used as an effective method to increase the perceived competence and psychological flexibility in the bad-caretaker girls.