اثربخشي تحريك الكتريكي قشر پيشاني بر حافظه كاري و تصميم گيري پرخطر در كودكان مبتلا به اختلال بيش فعالي و نقص توجه

The study of the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the brain to enhance working memory and reduce the risk of high-risk decision-making in children with ADHD

اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ، اﺧﺘﻼﻟﯽ ﻋﺼﺐ-ﺗﺤﻮﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ و ﺿﻌﻒ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﻼل ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﻗﺸﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻐﺰ در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد. روش اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﺷﺒﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن 24 ﮐﻮدك ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ 7 ﺗﺎ 11 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ در 10 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﯾﮏ روز در ﻣﯿﺎن و ﻫﺮ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽﻫﺎ ﯾﮏ روز ﭘﯿﺶ از ﺷﺮوع، ﯾﮏ روز ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و دو ﻣﺎه ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ از آزﻣﻮن ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺎدﮐﻨﮏ و ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري از آزﻣﻮن ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺮك ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از روش اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ و ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري در اﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري )0/01

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Risky decision making and active memory weakness are components of this disorder whose negative implications are known.. The purpose of the study was to increase the working memory and reduce risky decision By stimulating the forehead with the device tDCS device In children with ADHD . This was a quasi-experimental study with single-subject study design, in which 24 children with attention deficit disorder and active participants were 7-11 years old. The children were randomly divided into intervention and control group . The intervention group was intervened At 10 sessions a day in between and 20 minutes each session. Assessments were one day before the intervention, one day after the end of intervention, and two months after the end of the intervention. Bart's test was used to assess risky decision and in order to evaluate the working memory, we used N-BACK task. To analyze the data, covariance analysis and effect size were used. the findings from the analysis of the charts showed that the brain electrical stimulation program improved risk decision making and work memory in this children.