بررسي سطح دانش، نگرش و مهارت زيست محيطي مربيان پيش دبستاني شهر تهران

Improving the Attitudes of Tehrani Preschool Teachers towards the Environment through Teaching

ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧ ﻬﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ارﺗﻘﺎي آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان درﺑﺎرة ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﻟﺰوم ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي روﺷﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ از اﻫﻤﯿﺘﯽ وﯾﮋه ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ دوران ﮐﻮدﮐﯽ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺣﺴﺎسﺗﺮﯾﻦ دوره ﺑﺮاي ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي آﻣﻮزش اﻟﻔﺒﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﮕﺮش، داﻧﺶ و ﻣﻬﺎرت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ و آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي آﻣﻮزش ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﯿﻨﺶ ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺪون ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان و ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 29 ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﮕﺮش، داﻧﺶ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. رواﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ اﺑﺰار از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ درون ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن t دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري دوره آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻧﮕﺮش )0/351=t=2/93 ، p=0/001 ، Eta2 (، ارﺗﻘﺎي داﻧﺶ )0/785=t=10/12 ،p<0/001 ،Eta2 ( و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻬﺎرت )48/6=t=5/15 ، p<0/001 ، Eta2 ( آزﻣﻮدﻧﯿﻬﺎ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ دورهﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ روي ﺳﻄﺢ داﻧﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري دورهﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺿﺮورت دارد

Given the environmental crises, it is necessary to help citizens with the improvement of their attitudes. Attitudes, or predispositions to react cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally towards their subject, which can be the environment as well, need to be positive in order for the person to have a constructive interaction with that subject (e.g. the environment). Preschool teachers’ attitudes towards the environment would have an impact on their teaching and pupils in such a way that it may shape the children’s attitudes towards the environment in the future. Hence, helping teachers to improve their attitudes in this regard would be helping their current and future students as well. In this research, an accessible group of 29 pre-school teachers willing to help with the trial of a short course on the environment designed to improve the attitudes, was initially assessed on their knowledge, values, and behaviors (skills) in relation to the environment. At the end of the short course on environment, the same instruments were used to gather the same set of data. Comparing the two sets of pre- and post-test data lead to the conclusion that taking the course has resulted in improvements in all three dimensions of participants’ attitudes towards the environment. It is observed that the most improved dimension is the cognitive dimension, as the participants’ knowledge of the environment increased dramatically.