روند جهاني شدن فرهنگ و تاثير آن بر معماري روستايي (مورد مطالعه: روستاي گل‌تپه، استان كردستان)

The Trend of Globalization of Culture with an Emphasis on Rural Architecture Case Study: Goltepheh Village, Kurdistan Province

جهاني شدن، تغييرات بسياري بر حيات بشري، به­ ويژه فرهنگ محلي و معماري روستايي وارد كرده، به­ گونه ­اي كه فرهنگ بومي معماري دگرگون گشته و بيم آن مي­رود كه معماري سنتي چندهزار ساله­­ي سازگار با محيط نابود شود. لذا، بررسي روند اين تحولات و شناسايي پيامدهاي ناشي از آن مي­تواند راهكارهايي را پيش­روي مسوولان قرار دهد تا مانع از نابودي اين فرهنگ شوند. اين تحقيق با هدف مطالعه روند تحولات معماري خانه ­هاي روستايي در نيم قرن اخير به روش تحقيق كيفي قوم­ نگاري انجام شد. مشاهده، مصاحبه نيمه ساختارمند و عكس ابزار گردآوري داده ­هايي بود كه با تحليل محتوا و شبيه­ سازي معماري خانه­ با به­ كارگيري نرم ­افزار Sweet Home 3D تحليل شدند. يكي از خانه ­هاي روستا در چهار دوره­ ي مختلف شبيه­ سازي و خلاصه ­اي از فرهنگ محلي به ­دست آمد. سپس، ويژگي‌هاي معماري سنتي و مدرن و پيامدهاي ناشي از اين معماري­ ها شناسايي شد. نتايج نشان داد كه تغيير در ساختار فضايي خانه سبب تغييراتي در كاركرد و الگوهاي رفتاري شده است. با تغيير در كاركرد يك خانه، بخش يا بخش ­هايي از ساختار آن بدون ­استفاده مانده كه در گذر زمان آن بخش يا به كاركرد ديگري اختصاص داده شده يا از ساختار خانه حذف شده است.

Globalization has made many changes to human life. The radius of these changes is widespread in local culture, and in rural architecture. As the native architecture of the architecture undergoes a change, it is feared that the traditional architecture is going to oblivion and degenerate. Therefore, the study of the process of these developments in order to identify the consequences of it can put forward solutions to officials to prevent the destruction of this multi-century culture that is based on compatibility with the environment. The main purpose of this research was to study the evolution of the rural houses architecture in the last half century in the village of Gultepeh. This research was carried out using ethnographic qualitative research method. Data were collected using observation, semi-structured interviews and photographs, also data were analyzed using Sweet Home 3D software using content analysis and simulation of house architecture. In the findings, a simulated scheme of one of the village houses was presented in four different periods with a summary of the culture of that house. Then, the features of traditional and modern architecture and the implications of each of these architectures were identified. The results of the research showed that globalization has caused rural houses to undergo changes in all periods. Based on the results, the change in the spatial structure of the home has caused changes in performance and behavioral patterns. In such a way that by changing the function of a house, the sector or parts of the structure of that house remain unused. Over time, that section is either assigned to another function or removed from the home structure.