دلبستگي والد-كودك در ناشنوايان خردسال: مطالعه اي مقايسه اي

Parent-child attachment in deaf toddlers: A comparative study

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدك در ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻮاﯾﺎن ﺧﺮدﺳﺎﻻن در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺘﺎﯾﺎن ﺷﻨﻮا ﺑﻮد. روش اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﭘﺲروﯾﺪادي ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺧﺮدﺳﺎﻻن ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻮاي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ 10-24 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ دوم ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺣﻠﺰون ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮده و در ﻟﯿﺴﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺣﻠﺰون ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ 37 ﺧﺮدﺳﺎل ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻮاي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ 18 دﺧﺘﺮ و 19 ﭘﺴﺮ( ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 13/24 اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ 30 ﺧﺮدﺳﺎل ﺷﻨﻮا 16 دﺧﺘﺮ و 14 ﭘﺴﺮ( ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 11/16 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺑﻪﻟﺤﺎظ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدك ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﯿﺎس دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮﻟﺪ )MPAS( ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎدران ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار 22-Spss ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه و ﺗﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﻋﺪم ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار در دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ و ﺧﺮده ﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ، ﻧﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺖ و رﺿﺎﯾﺖ از ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ در ﮔﺮوه ﺷﻨﻮا و ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻮا ﺑﻮد 0/001

The present study aimed to investigate attachment in deaf toddlers and compare the results with their hearing peers. The study was a descriptive retrospective one. The population included all profound deaf toddlers of 10-24 months who had referred to Iran Cochlear Implant Center and were in cochlear Implant waiting list. 37 deaf toddlers were selected whose average age was 13.24by random sampling and were compared to 30 normal children with the average age of 11.16 in terms of child-parent attachment. Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS: Condon &Corkindale) was completed by mothers of both hearing and deaf groups. Data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and independent t-test in SPSS22. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the hearing and deaf groups in terms of the total score of attachment and its subscales, including attachment quality, absence of hostility and pleasure in interaction (P<0.001). It seems that, deafness in children alone would not reduce maternal attachment to their mothers. Factors such as the age of intervention, parents’ sensitivity and accountability level, and social support to facilitate the acceptance of deafness affect the quality of parent-child attachment.