پرسش از امكان تشكيل جامعه اصيل بر مبناي خوانش پديدارشناسانه هايدگر از «اخلاق نيكوماخوس»

Question of the Possibility of Forming an Authentic Community Based on Heidegger's Phenomenological Readings of Nicomachean Ethics

در اين مقاله امكان تشكيل جامعه اصيل انساني بر اساس «وجود و زمان» تبيين مي شود؛ همچنين نشان داده مي شود، فهم هايدگر از چنين جامعه اي مبتني است بر خوانش پديدارشناسانه او از برخي مفاهيم اخلاقي ارسطويي – مفاهيمي همچون دوستي و شجاعت- در كتاب اخلاق نيكوماخوس. انسان هم در انديشه ارسطو و هم در تفكر هايدگر، پيشاپيش – يعني قبل از هر فكر، تصميم يا كنشي – نسبتي وجودي با عالم پيراموني خود دارد. در اينجا مراد از امكان تشكيل جامعه، در واقع، امكان فرارفتن از «خود» و ربط يافتن «وجودي» با «ديگري» است. براي تبيين اين نظر، مي كوشيم قرائت پديدارشناسانه هايدگر از «اخلاق نيكوماخوس» و تاثيري را كه اين قرائت بر شكل گيري «وجود و زمان» داشته، به نحوي مقتضي بيان كنيم.

In this paper, on the one hand, it is shown that, based on the ideas of Martin Heidegger and Aristotle, there is the possibility of an authentic human society, and on the other hand, it will be explained that Heidegger's understanding of the authentic society in being and time is based on Heidegger's interpretation of Nicomachean Ethics. It is thus attempted to express Heidegger's phenomenological reading of Nicomachean ethics and the effect that this reading has on the formation of Being and time. The stages in which Heidegger traverses his philosophical project to Being and time, is influenced by Aristotle's philosophy from various aspects. A comparative study of Nicomachean ethics and Being and time shows that both in Aristotle's thinking and in Heidegger's thinking, man has an existential relation with his peripheral world; this kind of being means that the modern society, which consists of individual subjects, can entail another type of human society, that is, the authentic society.