علت‌شناسي جرايم با انگيزه‌ مذهبي

The etiology of religiously motivated crimes

ﺗﻨﻮﻋﯽ از اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎ در ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﻋﻤﺪي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﮑﺎري دارد ﮐﻪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي ﻣـﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﯾﮑـﯽ از اﻧﻮاع ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آن اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺮم ﺑﺎ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ رﻓﺘـﺎر ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧـﻪ اي ﮐـﻪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه اﻧﺤﺼﺎري ﯾﺎ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ارﺗﮑﺎب آن ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺪاري از ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼـﺎدﯾﻖ ﺧﻄﺮﻧـﺎك و ﻧﻘﺸـﯽ ﮐـﻪ اﯾـﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ از ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ، دو ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ آﺷﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. ﻧﺨﺴﺖ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻇﺮﯾﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ دارد و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻘﺴـﯿﻢ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ آن ذ ﯾـﻞ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم در ﺟﺮم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻧﺪارد. دﯾﮕﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي ﻣـﺬﻫﺒﯽ در ﻣـﻮرد ﻣـﺬاﻫﺒﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ وﺣﯿﺎﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ و ﻣﺬاﻫﺒﯽ ﮐﻪ اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت و اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎﺗﯽ از ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ راﺳـﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻬـﯽ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت اﺳـﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ آﻧﮑﻪ در ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ اﻟﻬﯽ ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎ ﺟﺮم زا ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ آﻣـﻮزه ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺬﻫﺒﯽ و... و در ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ ﻏﯿﺮاﻟﻬﯽ آﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ و ﺟﺮم زا ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺤﺮاف اﺳﺖ.

A variety of motives have an undeniable role in committing certain intentional crimes and religious motives are one of the most important types of them. The title "committing crimes with religious motives" means any criminal act which is the exclusive or the main motive for committing it, is to act on religious orders or to protect religious privacy. This paper, by analytical descriptive method, proves that by looking at the dangerous examples and the role which these crimes can play in the destruction of religions, two important points are apparent. First, the factors of these crimes have delicate differences with the factors of the others, and therefore the division of factors below the conventional form of criminology is ineffective. The other is that the factors of religious crimes are different from religions that have the revelation source and religions that are deviations and divisions of the true divine religions. The result is that in divine religions that the teachings are not massive, the incorrect transmissions of religious teachings, etc., and in the case of inhumane religions, the wrong doctrines are deviation factors.