برنامه‌ريزي توسعة گردشگري پايدار: شناسايي عناصر پايه و ارزيابي وضعيت مطالعة موردي: شهرستان بجنورد

Sustainable Tourism Development Planning: Identifying Basic Elements and Assessing Status (Case Study: Bojnord County

ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه اي در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ اﺑﺰار ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺮدﻣﺎن، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺟﻬﺎن ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن و ﻏﻨﺎي ﺑﯿﻨﺶ و ﻧﮕﺮش آدﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ وﯾﮋه اي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪي از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي دارد؛ اﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن از اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ درزﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ و ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻧﺒﺮده اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و در اداﻣﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ درزﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، Spss و Expert Choice اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از آﻧﻬﺎ درﺑﺎرة اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت واﺟﺪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي »اﯾﺠﺎد و ﭘﺮرﻧﮓ ﮐﺮدن ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺬاﺑﯿﺖ در ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن«، »ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺤﺮك ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي« و »ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاري درزﻣﯿﻨﮥ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي« را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ وزن ﻧﺴﺒﯽ 0,36، 0,27 و 0,171 ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ در دﺳﺘﮥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﭘﺎرك ﺑﺎﺑﺎ اﻣﺎن و روﺳﺘﺎي اﺳﻔﯿﺪان ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزات 0,104 و 0,072 و در دﺳﺘﮥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺤﯽ ﺑﺶ ﻗﺎرداش، ﻋﻤﺎرت و آﯾﯿﻨﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﮥ ﻣﻔﺨﻢ، ﮐﺎرواﻧﺴﺮاي ﺳﺒﺰه ﻣﯿﺪان، ﺣﺴﯿﻨﯿﮥ ﺟﺎﺟﺮﻣﯽ و ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزات 0,064، 0,060، 0,058، 0,053 و 0,046 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ در ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد ﻣﻄﺮح اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎز ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي و ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﯽ، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و روﻧﻖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار شهرﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Tourism industry is intricately linked to the economic, cultural, social, and environmental aspects of human life and has gradually become a means of understanding people's lives, understanding the world around them, and enriching the insights and attitudes of people to the concepts of life. Bojnord city has special conditions for enjoying the benefits of tourism, but so far has not been able to take advantage of these opportunities for sustainable tourism development properly. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to explain the sustainable tourism indicators and to prioritize the tourism elements of Bojnord city, in order to identify and explain effective measures in planning sustainable tourism development. So, this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library and field studies. The software used in this research is SPSS and Expert Choice and the results obtained from them on priority actions, specified the criteria of ‘creating and highlighting the attraction factor in tourism elements of the city’, ‘tourism-stimulating factors’ and ‘planning and investing in the tourism infrastructure’, respectively, in terms of their relative weight of 0.36, 0.27, and 0.171. Also, the evaluation of tourism elements of Bojnord shows that in the category of natural elements, Babaaman Park and Esfidan Village with points 0.104 and 0.072, Bash-Qarshas Cultural-Amusement Complex, Mofakham Mansion and Mirror House, Sabze Meydan Caravanserai, Husseinieh Jajarmi and local music with 0.064, 0.060, 0.058, 0.053 and 0.046 points, respectively, are considered as the basic elements of tourism in Bojnord city in the category of cultural elements, which can provide the basis for the realization of sustainable tourism in the desired context. Eventually, by planning and directing funds and development plans, these elements can be considered as an opportunity for the development and prosperity of sustainable tourism in Bojnord.