تحليل نگرش و رفتار زيست‌محيط‌‌گرايانة جوامع عشايري پس از اجراي طرح مديريت مشاركتي جنگل و مرتع نمونة مطالعه: بخش بازفت استان چهارمحال و بختياري

Analyzing Environmental Attitudes and Behavior of Nomadic Communities after the Implementation of Participatory Management Plan for Forest and Rangeland (Case Study: Bazoft District of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari Province

اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش و رﻓﺘﺎر اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن، ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﮕﺮش و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﮥ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮي ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎزﻓﺖ از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻮﻫﺮﻧﮓ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﻣﺮﺗﻊ )ﺟﺎﯾﮑﺎ( اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ و روش ﺟﺰو ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از دو روش اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و از اﺑﺰار ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻤﮥ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در 5 روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺟﺎﯾﮑﺎ در آﻧﻬﺎ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎري ﺳﺎل 1395، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﻞ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 2236 ﻧﻔﺮ و 442 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 206 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، T ﺗﮏ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ و ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﯿﺎرة PSI ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن T ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﮥ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻃﺮح ﺟﺎﯾﮑﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ زﯾﺎد و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي درﮔﯿﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺧﻮدﺧﻮاﻫﺎﻧﮥ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از دو ﻧﻮع ﻧﻮع دوﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﮐﺮه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 13 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ، 6 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ درﻣﺠﻤﻮع 69.98درﺻﺪ از وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و در ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ 6 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ، ﻣ ﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن در رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ درﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار وﯾﮋة 13.60، درﻣﺠﻤﻮع ارﯾﺎﻧﺲ 36.75 را در ﮐﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﻃﺮح ﺟﺎﯾﮑﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﮥ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻧﺪ.

Today, recognizing human attitudes and behavior regarding the environment is of great importance due to environmental problems and challenges. In the meantime, nomadic and rural communities have received more attention due to the direct connection and exploitation of environmental resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the attitude and environmental behavior of nomadic societies in the Bazoft District of Koohrang County, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, after the implementation of participatory management plan for forest and rangeland (JICA). The present paper is an applied research, and in terms of the nature and method, is descriptive-analytical based on survey. Documentary and field method and a questionnaire were used for data collection. The statistical population of this study was all nomads living in 5 villages, where the JICA project was implemented, and according to the census of 2016, their total number was 2236 persons and 442 households. Using the Cochran formula, 206 households were selected as the sample. To analyze the data, one sample ttest, factor analysis, and PSI have been used. The results of one sample t-test for the nomadic environmental attitude showed that JICA plan had a significant and meaningful impact on the change of attitudes of nomadic communities in the villages involved in this project. an‎d according to the average results obtained, it can also be said that the selfish attitude of nomads living in the studied villages was due to two types of friendly and biosphere attitudes. In addition, the results of factor analysis showed that 6 out of 13 factors account for 69.98% of the total variance. Among these six factors, the most important factor regarding environmental behavior is social responsibility towards the environment, with a specific value of 13.60 giving a total variance of 36.75. Based on the results, it can be stated that the JICA project has changed the environmental behaviors of the nomads of the study area, which are the main environmental beneficiaries of the region.