اﻣﮑﺎن ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎدر ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ از ﻫﻤﺴﺮ دوم

Feasibility of returning custody of the mother by separation from the second wife

ﻓﻘﻬﺎي اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ و ﻋﺎﻣﻪ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﻈﺮ دارﻧﺪ اﮔﺮ ﻣﺎدري ﮐﻪ ﺣﻖ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد، ﺑﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ دﯾﮕﺮي ﻏﯿﺮ از ﭘﺪر ﻓﺮزﻧﺪش، ازدواج ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺣﻖ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎدر ﺳـﺎﻗﻂ ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد. در ﺻـﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐـﻪ ازدواج ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺎدر ﻣﻨﺤﻞ ﺷﻮد، در ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم ﺑﺎزﮔﺸـﺖ ﺣـﻖ ﺣﻀـﺎﻧﺖ ﻣـﺎدر اﺧـﺘﻼف ﻧﻈـﺮ وﺟـﻮد دارد. ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻓﻘﻬﺎي اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ و ﻋﺎﻣﻪ و ﺣﻘﻮقداﻧﺎن ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎدر از ﻣﺮد اﺟﻨﺒـﯽ، ﺣـﻖ ﺣﻀـﺎﻧﺖ وي ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ازدواج ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺎدر، ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺣﻖ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺖ اﺳﺖ و ﺑـﺎ زوال ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ، ﻣﻤﻨـﻮع ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻘﻬﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯽ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻓﻘﻬﺎي اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﻋﻘﯿﺪه دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ازدواج ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺎدر ﺑﺎ ﻣـﺮد اﺟﻨﺒﯽ، ﺣﻖ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺖ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽرود و ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ او ﺑﺮﻧﻤﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮔﺬار ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ اﯾـﺮان ﻧﯿـﺰ ازدواج ﻣﺎدر ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺮد اﺟﻨﺒـﯽ را از ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺳـﻘﻮط ﺣـﻖ ﺣﻀـﺎﻧﺖ ﻣـﺎدر داﻧﺴـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ اﻣـﺎ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﯾﻦ ﺣﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎدر از ﻫﻤﺴﺮ دوم ﺧﻮد ﺳﺎﮐﺖ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ درﺻﺪد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﻇﻬـﻮر رواﯾـﺎت، ﻗﺎﻋـﺪه ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺣﻖ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﺷﺪه و اﺳﺘﺼﺤﺎب ﺳﻘﻮط، ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪم ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺣﻖ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎدر ﺑﺎ ﺟـﺪاﯾﯽ از ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، دﻻﻟﺖ دارد.

The jurists agree if the mother who has the custody of her child is married to a person other than her father's father, the custody of the mother will be canceled. If the mother divorces her from her remarriage, there is disagreement over the return or non-return of the custody of the mother. Many Imams and Sunni jurisprudents believe that the divorce of a mother from a barbarian man comes back to her custody. In their view, the mother's remarriage is a barrier to the exercise of custody, and it is prohibited by deterioration. In contrast to Maliki's jurisprudents and some of the Imami's jurists, it is believed that the remarriage of a mother with a felonious man will be lost to the custody and will not be divorced. It seems that the emergence of narratives, the rule of irreversibility of the right of impoverishment, and the fall of the will of the fall, implies that the right of custody of the mother does not return to separation from the new wife.