پديد آورندگان :
آزادواري, ﺣﺴﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ , ﻧﻌﯿﻤﯽ, ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ , ﻗﻠﯽ زاده, ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠﻄﯿﻒ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ , ﻧﺦ زري ﻣﻘﺪم, ﻋﻠﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ
كليدواژه :
آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﺖ , اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ , ﺳﯿﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ , ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺤﺪودﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻓﻨﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﯿﺎه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﯿﺎه دارد. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻧﺸـﺎن داده اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮزﻧﺪه از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ اﺳـﻤﺰي، ﺧﺸـﮑﯽ، ﺷـﻮري، ازن و اﺷﻌﻪ ﻣﺎوراي ﺑﻨﻔﺶ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ رﻃـﻮﺑﺘﯽ و ﻧﺤـﻮه ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟـﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﺑﯿﻮﺷـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ و ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺤـﻮه ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳـﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﯿﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد.
ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻬﺎر ﺳﺎل 1396-97 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ آﺑﯿـﺎري در ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻋﺪم آﺑﯿﺎري )دﯾﻢ(، ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ، ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ و اﻧﺠـﺎم دو ﺑـﺎر آﺑﯿـﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ و ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف اﺳـﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴـﯿﻠﯿﮏ )ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ(، ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ )ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر( و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ )ﺑـﻪ ﻣﯿـﺰان 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠـﯽ ﻣـﻮﻻر( ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﭘﺲ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و زراﻋﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺛﺮات ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ آﺑﯿﺎري و اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣـﻮرد ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺰ ء ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾـﮏ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ آﻧـﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴـﯿﺪاز و آﺳـﮑﻮرﺑﺎت ﭘﺮاﮐﺴـﯿﺪاز در ﺗﻤـﺎم ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ )26/32 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ(، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آب ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺮگ )72/44 درﺻﺪ( و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ )1329 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دو ﺑﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﯿﺪﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﭘﺎﺷـﯽ ﺑﺮﮔـﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﻌـﺎل ﮐـﺮدن ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان راهﮐـﺎري ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ در ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺗﻌـﺪﯾﻞ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﮐﻤﺒﻮد رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plants growth. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound playing an important regulatory role in plant different processes. Studies have indicated that external application of SA increased plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, salinity, ozone or UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of different humidity regimes and application methods of SA on some physiological and biochemical parameters, grain yield and determination of the most suitable application method of salicylic acid in black cumin.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted based on randomized complete design with factorial arrangement of treatment and three replications at Gonbad Kavous university research field in 2018 growing season. Different irrigation regimes at four levels including no irrigation (rainfed), once irrigation at flowering stage, once irrigation at grain filling stage and double irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages and salicylic acid factor at three levels including non- application (control), seed priming (with 0.5 mM concentration), foliar spraying (with 0.5 mM concentration) were studied. After applying of treatments, some traits including total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), leaf relative water content, leaf water saturated deficiency, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that interaction effects of irrigation and salicylic acid on all evaluated traits were significant except for biological yield. Salicylic acid foliar spraying increased activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase antioxidant enzymes in all irrigation treatments while not significantly affecting catalase enzyme activity. Means comparison revealed that the highest total chlorophyll content (26.2 mg/g FW), RWC (72.44%) and seed yield (1329 kg/ha) obtained from SA foliar spraying application and double irrigation treatment.
Conclusion: Results indicated that SA application especially foliar spraying activated antioxidant system and also improved plant moisture condition and chlorophyll content which finally resulted in enhanced growth and desirable yield under different humidity treatments. Therefore, application of SA can be introduced as an effective approach for regulation and decrease of stress effects and desirable yield production in areas subjected to water deficit.
Background and objectives: Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plants growth. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound playing an important regulatory role in plant different processes. Studies have indicated that external application of SA increased plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, salinity, ozone or UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of different humidity regimes and application methods of SA on some physiological and biochemical parameters, grain yield and determination of the most suitable application method of salicylic acid in black cumin.
