پديد آورندگان :
رحمتي، افتخار دانشگاه كردستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، سنندج , خالص رو، شيوا دانشگاه كردستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، سنندج , حيدري، غلامرضا دانشگاه كردستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، سنندج
كليدواژه :
اسانس , سري هاي افزايشي , كشاورزي پايدار , گياه دارويي , نسبت برابري زمين
چكيده فارسي :
كشت مخلوط يكي از پايداراترين نظامهاي زراعي ميباشد، گياهان دارويي نيز نقش مهمي در تأمين نيازهاي انسان دارند، بنابراين، به‌منظور ارزيابي عملكرد و كيفيت گياه دارويي سياهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)در كشت مخلوط با شنبليله (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) آزمايشي در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه كردستان طي سال زراعي 1394 انجام شد. آزمايش در قالب طرح بلوكهاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار اجرا شد. تيمارهاي آزمايشي شامل كشت خالص سياهدانه، كشت خالص شنبليله، 50% سياهدانه + 50% شنبليله، 25% سياهدانه + 75% شنبليله، 75% سياهدانه + 25% شنبليله، 100% سياهدانه + 5/12% شنبليله، 100% سياهدانه + 25% شنبليله، 100% سياهدانه + 5/37% شنبليله، 100% سياهدانه + 50% شنبليله بر اساس سريهاي جايگزيني و افزايشي بودند. در اين پژوهش صفات مختلف از قبيل تعداد شاخه جانبي در بوته، تعداد كپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در كپسول، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد وزن خشك كل، عملكرد دانه، درصد اسانس و عملكرد اسانس سياهدانه، تعداد شاخه جانبي در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد وزن خشك كل و عملكرد دانه شنبليله و هم‌چنين شاخصهاي كشت مخلوط مانند LER و ATER مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. نتايج نشان داد نسبتهاي مختلف كاشت، اثر معنيداري بر صفات نام‌برده هر دو گياه داشت. بيش‌ترين مقادير عملكرد دانه (15/972 كيلوگرم در هكتار) و عملكرد وزن خشك كل (1/2757 كيلوگرم در هكتار) سياهدانه از نسبت 100% سياهدانه + 5/12% شنبليله حاصل شد؛ امّا نتايج در مورد شنبليله نشان داد بيش‌ترين عملكرد دانه و عملكرد وزن خشك كل به‌ترتيب با مقادير 4/784 و 7/3266 كيلوگرم در هكتار از كشت خالص آن حاصل گرديد. بر اساس نتايج اين آزمايش، بيش‌ترين ATER (30/1) از تيمار افزايشي 100% سياهدانه + 5/12% شنبليله به‌دست آمد. لذا چنين ميتوان استنباط كرد كه در پژوهش حاضر، اين نسبت كشت مخلوط افزايشي در مقايسه با ساير نسبتها، ويژگيهاي مثبت بيش‌تري داشت.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Intercropping system is one of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture goals. Intercropping
increases biodiversity in agroecosystems and enhances yield on a given piece of land by making more efficient use of
the available resources. In these systems, legumes are a key functional group, and are highly valued for the
agroecological services they provide. Adding legumes in fields is justified by their natural ability to exploit atmospheric
nitrogen. This additional source of N is expected to avoid inter-specific competition between plants and legumes for N
acquisition. Medicinal plants play pivotal role in human health. The use of sustainable agriculture is the foundation for
safe and healthy Medicinal plants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was evaluation of quantitative and qualitative
traits of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-greacum L.) in additive and replacement
series of intercropping.
Materials and Methods
Field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research station, University of Kurdistan, during 2015 growing
season. In this research, qualitative and quantitative traits of black cumin and fenugreek were investigated.
Experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Experimental factors were 50% fenugreek
+ 50% black cumin, 25% black cumin + 75% fenugreek, 75% black cumin + 25% fenugreek, 100% black cumin +
12.5% fenugreek, 100% black cumin + 25% fenugreek, 100% black cumin + 37.5% fenugreek, 100% black cumin +
50% fenugreek based on replacement and additive series and their monocultures. The seeds were sown directly on 4th of
May for both plants. In this study, morphological characteristics consisted of branch number per plant, follicle number
per plant, seed number per follicle, 1000 seed weight, essential oil content, essential oil yield of black cumin and branch
number per plant, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight of fenugreek and biological and seed
yield were measured in both plants. Intercropping indexes included of LER and ATER were also evaluated. The
obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS statistical software and means were
compared using the least significant difference test (L.S.D) at level of 0.05.
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that different intercropping ratios had significant effect on morphological traits, biological and seed
yield of both plants. The usage of 100% black cumin + 12.5% fenugreek gave the highest values of branch number per
plant (18.87), follicle Number per plant (29.73), Seed number per follicle (52.6), 1000-seed weight (2.67 g), seed yield
(972.1 kg.ha-1), biological yield (2757.1 kg.ha-1) and essential oil yield (11.19 kg.ha-1) of black cumin. It seems that
black cumin was more efficient for uptake nutrient resources in comparison with fenugreek. With increasing fenugreek
density different traits of black cumin decreased in the other additive treatments. This decrement maybe related to the
effect of density which increases competition. Statistical analysis revealed that all traits of fenugreek such as branch
number per plant, pod number per plant, Seed number per pod, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and seed yield were
12.27, 16.80, 11.63, 15.77g, 3266.7 kg.ha-1 and 874.4 kg.ha-1, respectively. These values belonged to monoculture of
fenugreek. Intercropping indexes included of LER (1.36) and ATER (1.30) showed higher values in 100% black cumin
+ 12.5% fenugreek treatment. Conclusion
The highest values of most characteristics of black cumin were obtained from 100% black cumin + 12.5% fenugreek.
Furthermore, it could be concluded that the mentioned additive series was the best treatment of intercropping and gave
the highest LER and ATER due to improved growth condition.
